Learn Hardcore Portuguese (Portugal): Amanhã tenho uma consulta às dez.

It marks a contraction: à(s) = a (to/at) + the feminine article (a/as). We use it with clock times because the implied noun is feminine plural horas.

às dez = at the ten (hours)
à uma = at one (hour; singular feminine)
Special cases: ao meio‑dia (at noon; a + o), à meia‑noite (at midnight; a + a) Without the accent, as just means “the” (fem. pl.) and doesn’t mean “at.”

Why is the present tense tenho used to talk about tomorrow?

European Portuguese often uses the present for scheduled future events, especially with a time expression like amanhã. Alternatives:

Vou ter uma consulta às dez (amanhã). (going-to future; very common)
Terei uma consulta às dez. (simple future; correct but more formal/rarer in speech) All three are fine; the present keeps it simple and natural.

Can I drop the article and say Tenho consulta às dez?

Yes. In Portugal, it’s common to omit the indefinite article with certain nouns (e.g., aula, exame, consulta) in everyday speech: Tenho consulta às dez. Using uma is also correct and slightly more specific: Tenho uma consulta de rotina às dez.

What exactly does consulta mean? Could I use it for any appointment?

Consulta is mainly a medical or dental appointment/consultation. For other situations:

Business meeting: reunião
General appointment/engagement: compromisso
A booking (e.g., hairdresser): marcação (e.g., Tenho uma marcação às dez.)

Could I say para as dez instead of às dez?

Yes, with a nuance:

às dez states the time it takes place: “at ten.”
para as dez frames it as scheduled for that time (often used when talking about how it was booked): Tenho uma consulta para as dez. Both are fine in practice.

Where can I put amanhã in the sentence?

Common positions:

Amanhã, tenho uma consulta às dez. (comma optional)
Tenho uma consulta amanhã às dez.
Tenho amanhã uma consulta às dez. (possible, a bit more formal/marked) All are acceptable; start or end is most typical.

Do I need to say horas after dez?

No. Às dez already implies horas. If you write it with digits, you’ll often see às 10h in schedules; it’s read as às dez (horas).

How do I say other times like 10:30, 10:15, 9:45, noon, midnight?

10:30: às dez e meia
10:15: às dez e um quarto (also … e quinze)
9:45: às dez menos um quarto (also às nove e quarenta e cinco)
Noon: ao meio‑dia
Midnight: à meia‑noite To be exact: às dez em ponto (on the dot).

How do I say “at 10 in the morning/at night”?

às dez da manhã
às dez da noite You can also use broad periods: de manhã (in the morning), à tarde (in the afternoon), à noite (at night). In Portugal, the 24‑hour clock is common in schedules: às 15h (3 p.m.).

Do I need the subject pronoun eu?

No. The verb ending shows the subject, so Tenho… is natural. You’d use Eu tenho… for emphasis or contrast (e.g., “I have…, but you don’t”).

Any pronunciation tips for these words in European Portuguese?

amanhã: final -ã is a nasal “ah”; nh = “ny” (like “canyon”). Roughly “ah-ma-NYAN.”
tenho: nh = “ny.” Roughly “TEN-nyu.”
consulta: stress the middle syllable: “con-SUL-ta.”
às: like “ahs” (short).
dez: in Portugal, word-final z sounds like “sh” when it’s the end of the utterance: “desh.” If a vowel follows (e.g., dez horas), it links as a “z” sound: “dez-óras.”

How would I make it negative or more approximate?

Negative: Amanhã não tenho (uma) consulta às dez.
“I have no appointment”: Não tenho nenhuma consulta amanhã.
“Around ten”: por volta das dez, cerca das dez, colloquial às dez e tal.