O documento oficial chegou hoje.

O is the masculine singular definite article, meaning the.

It matches documento, which is a masculine singular noun:

• o documento = the document

In Portuguese, articles are used more often than in English, so a sentence like this normally sounds natural with o.

In Portuguese, nouns have grammatical gender. Documento is a masculine noun, so it takes masculine words with it:

• o documento
• documento oficial

A common pattern is that nouns ending in -o are often masculine, though this is not a perfect rule.

Some adjectives in Portuguese have the same form for masculine and feminine singular. Oficial is one of them.

So you get:

• o documento oficial = the official document
• a carta oficial = the official letter

Only the article changes here, not the adjective.

For the plural:

• os documentos oficiais
• as cartas oficiais

Notice that in the plural, oficial becomes oficiais.

In Portuguese, adjectives often come after the noun:

• documento oficial
• carro novo
• livro interessante

That is the most neutral, standard order here.

You can sometimes move adjectives before the noun, but that often changes the tone, emphasis, or style. For this sentence, o oficial documento would sound unnatural.

Chegou is the third-person singular preterite form of chegar.

That means it expresses a completed action in the past:

• chegou = arrived
• the official document arrived today

Because the subject is o documento oficial, which is third-person singular, chegou is the correct form.

Yes, depending on context, English may translate it as either:

• arrived
• has arrived

Portuguese often uses the simple past (pretérito perfeito) where English might use either the simple past or the present perfect.

So O documento oficial chegou hoje could correspond to:

• The official document arrived today
• The official document has arrived today

The best English version depends on context and style.

Portuguese usually does not need a subject pronoun when the subject noun is already present.

Here, the subject is explicitly stated:

• O documento oficial = the official document

So there is no need for an extra pronoun. Portuguese does not say something like O documento oficial ele chegou hoje in standard usage.

Putting hoje at the end is very natural in Portuguese. Time expressions are flexible, but the end position is common and neutral:

• O documento oficial chegou hoje.
• Hoje o documento oficial chegou.
• O documento oficial hoje chegou. — possible, but less neutral in many contexts

The original version sounds the most straightforward and natural.

Yes, Portuguese word order is somewhat flexible, and that sentence can be grammatical. But it sounds less neutral and more marked.

O documento oficial chegou hoje is the normal default order:

• subject + verb + time expression

If you move things around, you usually create emphasis or a different rhythm.

A common approximate pronunciation is sheh-GOH in many parts of Brazil.

More exactly:

• che often sounds like she
• gou sounds roughly like GOH, with the stress on this last syllable

So:

• chegou ≈ sheh-GOH

The stress is on the last syllable because of the ending -ou.

A rough Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation is:

oo doh-koo-MEN-too oh-fee-SYAW sheh-GOH OH-zhee

A few notes:

• O sounds like oo
• documento has stress on men
• oficial has stress on the final syllable
• chegou has stress on the final syllable
• hoje is often roughly like OH-zhee in Brazilian Portuguese

Pronunciation varies by region, but this is a useful general guide.

Yes. Oficial is an adjective attached to documento, so the phrase documento oficial means official document.

It is not describing chegou. If you wanted to describe the arrival as official, you would need a different structure.

Usually it matches official document very closely. It normally means a document issued by an authority or recognized in a formal/legal/administrative way.

Depending on context, it might refer to:

• a government document
• a formal record
• an authorized certificate or paper

But in normal use, official document is the right translation.

You would make the article, noun, adjective, and verb plural:

• Os documentos oficiais chegaram hoje.
• The official documents arrived today.

Changes:

• o → os
• documento → documentos
• oficial → oficiais
• chegou → chegaram

In most normal contexts, that sounds incomplete or unnatural in standard Portuguese.

Portuguese generally prefers:

• O documento oficial chegou hoje.

Leaving out the article might happen in headlines, notes, labels, or very telegraphic writing, but not in ordinary full sentences.

The dictionary form is chegar, which means to arrive.

Some useful forms are:

• chegar = to arrive
• chega = arrives / is arriving
• chegou = arrived
• chegava = used to arrive / was arriving
• chegará = will arrive

So in this sentence, chegou is the past form of chegar.

Yes. O documento oficial chegou hoje is completely natural, clear, and standard in Brazilian Portuguese.

It sounds like something you could say in everyday life, at work, in administration, or in formal communication.