Ta lampa jest z mosiądzu.

Because lampa is a feminine noun in Polish, and the demonstrative this has to agree with the noun’s gender.

• ten = this (masculine)
• ta = this (feminine)
• to = this (neuter)

So:

• ten stół = this table
• ta lampa = this lamp
• to krzesło = this chair

Since lampa is feminine, ta is the correct form.

In Polish, many nouns ending in -a are feminine, and lampa follows that common pattern.

That does not mean every -a noun is feminine, but it is a very strong clue. As a learner, it is useful to initially think:

• noun ending in -a → often feminine

You can also see it from agreement:

• ta lampa
• ładna lampa
• moja lampa

All those feminine forms confirm the gender.

Jest is the 3rd person singular form of the verb być = to be.

So:

• ja jestem = I am
• ty jesteś = you are
• on/ona/ono jest = he/she/it is

In Ta lampa jest z mosiądzu, jest means is.

Normally, no.

In Polish, the verb to be in the present tense is usually not omitted in sentences like this. So:

• Ta lampa jest z mosiądzu. = correct

Leaving out jest would sound incomplete or unnatural in standard Polish.

This is different from some other Slavic languages where the present-tense to be can be dropped.

Because the preposition z requires a specific case here: the genitive.

The basic dictionary form is:

• mosiądz = brass

But after z in the sense of made of / from, it changes to:

• z mosiądzu

So the pattern is:

• coś jest z drewna = something is made of wood
• coś jest z metalu = something is made of metal
• coś jest z plastiku = something is made of plastic
• coś jest z mosiądzu = something is made of brass

Here z is best understood as made of / from.

In Polish, z can have several meanings depending on context, including:

• from
• with
• out of / made of

In this sentence, it expresses material:

• Ta lampa jest z mosiądzu. = This lamp is made of brass.

So although English may use of or from, Polish uses z.

Because mosiądz is in the genitive singular after z.

Its nominative form is:

• mosiądz

Its genitive form here is:

• mosiądzu

This is just part of Polish case inflection: nouns change form depending on their role in the sentence and which prepositions are used with them.

A learner-friendly way to remember it is:

• after z meaning made of, expect the noun to change

Yes, z mosiądzu is a very normal and natural way to say that something is made of brass.

There is also the adjective:

• mosiężny = brass, made of brass / brass-colored depending on context

So you can also say:

• To jest mosiężna lampa. = It is a brass lamp.

The difference is roughly:

• lampa z mosiądzu = a lamp made of brass
• mosiężna lampa = a brass lamp

In many situations, both work.

Yes, Polish word order is more flexible than English, but this version is the most neutral and straightforward.

Standard order here is:

• Ta lampa = subject
• jest = verb
• z mosiądzu = complement

You may also hear different word orders for emphasis, for example:

• Z mosiądzu jest ta lampa.
• Ta lampa z mosiądzu jest bardzo ciężka.

But for a learner, Ta lampa jest z mosiądzu is the safest basic pattern.

Yes.

Adding ta makes it this lamp, which points to a specific lamp. Without ta, the sentence simply means:

• Lampa jest z mosiądzu. = The lamp / A lamp is made of brass.

Whether it sounds like a lamp or the lamp depends on context, because Polish has no articles like a and the.

It means this lamp.

Polish usually distinguishes:

• ta lampa = this lamp
• tamta lampa = that lamp

So ta points to something relatively close or currently relevant, while tamta points to something more distant or contrasted.

A rough English-friendly guide is:

• mo-SYON-dzoo

A few useful notes:

• ą is a nasal vowel, somewhat like on or om, depending on the sound after it
• dzi / dzu sounds like a soft j / dzh-type sound to English ears, though not exactly the same
• stress in Polish usually falls on the second-to-last syllable, so here the stress is on sią

You do not need perfect pronunciation immediately, but it helps to notice that ą is not a plain o.

It talks about what the lamp is made of.

That is because z + genitive often expresses material:

• stół z drewna = a table made of wood
• pierścionek ze złota = a ring made of gold
• lampa z mosiądzu = a lamp made of brass

If you wanted to talk about where something comes from, z can also do that in other contexts, but here the noun mosiądz clearly names a material, so the meaning is made of brass.