Sprawdzam godzinę odjazdu pociągu jeszcze raz.

Because sprawdzać / sprawdzać takes a direct object, and in Polish a feminine noun used as a direct object is usually in the accusative case.

• godzina = nominative singular
• godzinę = accusative singular

So:

• Sprawdzam godzinę = I’m checking the time / hour

This is one of the most common case changes learners notice early on:

• Mam kawę = I have coffee
• Czytam książkę = I’m reading a book
• Sprawdzam godzinę = I’m checking the time

They are both dependent nouns, and Polish often uses the genitive where English uses of.

Here the structure is:

• godzina odjazdu pociągu
• literally: the hour/time of departure of the train

Breakdown:

• odjazd = departure
• odjazdu = of departure
• pociąg = train
• pociągu = of the train

So:

• godzina odjazdu = departure time
• godzina odjazdu pociągu = the train’s departure time

This is very natural in Polish. English often uses noun + noun or apostrophe, while Polish very often uses chains of nouns in the genitive.

Yes, it is normal and correct.

Polish often expresses this kind of idea with a noun phrase built from:

• a main noun
• followed by one or more nouns in the genitive

So godzina odjazdu pociągu is a standard, natural phrase.

Depending on context, Polish speakers might also say:

• czas odjazdu pociągu = the departure time of the train
• o której odjeżdża pociąg = what time the train leaves

But your sentence is fully natural.

Sprawdzam is the 1st person singular present tense of the imperfective verb sprawdzać.

• sprawdzać = to be checking / to check repeatedly or in process
• sprawdzić = perfective infinitive, to check and complete the action
• sprawdzę = I will check

So:

• Sprawdzam godzinę... = I am checking the departure time / I check the departure time
• Sprawdzę godzinę... = I’ll check the departure time

In this sentence, sprawdzam fits well because it describes what the speaker is doing now, or a repeated action.

It can mean both, depending on context.

Polish present tense often covers:

• an action happening right now
• a habitual/repeated action

So Sprawdzam godzinę odjazdu pociągu jeszcze raz could mean:

• I’m checking the train’s departure time once again
• I check the train’s departure time again

In most real contexts, this sentence will be understood as I’m checking it again right now.

Jeszcze raz means once again, one more time, or again.

In this sentence it emphasizes repetition:

• Sprawdzam ... jeszcze raz = I’m checking ... again / one more time

It is very common and useful in Polish:

• Powtórz jeszcze raz. = Repeat it once more.
• Przeczytam to jeszcze raz. = I’ll read it again.

Here it suggests that the speaker has already checked the departure time before and is now doing it again.

Yes, often you could, but the nuance is slightly different.

• jeszcze raz = once more, one more time
• znowu = again

In many situations they are close:

• Sprawdzam godzinę odjazdu pociągu jeszcze raz.
• Sprawdzam znowu godzinę odjazdu pociągu.

But jeszcze raz often sounds a little more like let me check it one more time, while znowu can sometimes sound more neutral or sometimes even slightly emotional, depending on tone, like again in English.

So in your sentence, jeszcze raz is a very natural choice.

Because that placement is natural and clear in Polish. Word order is more flexible than in English, and adverbial expressions like jeszcze raz can move around.

Your sentence:

• Sprawdzam godzinę odjazdu pociągu jeszcze raz.

Other possible word orders:

• Jeszcze raz sprawdzam godzinę odjazdu pociągu.
• Sprawdzam jeszcze raz godzinę odjazdu pociągu.

All of these can work, but they may shift emphasis slightly.

Very roughly:

• Sprawdzam ... jeszcze raz = neutral
• Jeszcze raz sprawdzam ... = stronger emphasis on again
• Sprawdzam jeszcze raz ... = also emphasizes the repetition somewhat

The original sentence is perfectly natural.

Because Polish does not have articles like a and the.

So:

• pociąg can mean a train or the train
• godzina can mean an hour, the hour, or just time, depending on context

The listener figures out definiteness from context, word order, or additional words if needed.

If you want to be more specific, you can add words like:

• ten pociąg = this train
• ten konkretny pociąg = this particular train

So:

• godzina odjazdu pociągu can naturally mean the train’s departure time

In this sentence, pociągu is singular genitive from pociąg.

• nominative singular: pociąg
• genitive singular: pociągu

The genitive plural would be different:

• pociągów = of trains

So:

• godzina odjazdu pociągu = the departure time of the train
• godzina odjazdu pociągów = the departure time of trains

Here it clearly refers to one train.

In this kind of phrase, godzina often means the time (clock time), not just an hour as a unit of duration.

So:

• godzina odjazdu pociągu = the train’s departure time

This is common in Polish:

• Jaka jest godzina? = What time is it?
• Sprawdzam godzinę. = I’m checking the time.

So even though godzina literally means hour, in many contexts it functions like English time.

Yes, absolutely. That is another very natural way to express a similar idea.

• Sprawdzam godzinę odjazdu pociągu.
• Sprawdzam, o której odjeżdża pociąg.

The second one literally means:

• I’m checking what time the train leaves

The difference is mainly structural:

• the original sentence uses a noun phrase
• this alternative uses a clause

Both are natural. Learners often find the second one easier at first because it maps more directly onto English.

A few pronunciation points often matter to English speakers:

• godzinę: the final ę is nasal, though in normal speech it may sound weaker than learners expect.
• dzi in godzinę sounds like a soft j/gee-type sound, not like English z.
• pociągu: the ą is nasal, but before g it is often pronounced more like ong/on. So learners often hear something close to po-CHYON-gu or po-CHON-gu.

Also:

• stress in Polish is usually on the second-to-last syllable
• so:
  • sprawdzam → SPRAW-dzam
  • godzinę → go-DZI-nę
  • odjazdu → od-JAZ-du
  • pociągu → po-CIĄ-gu

You do not need perfect nasal vowels at first; being understandable is more important.

Yes, sometimes.

If everyone already knows you are talking about a train, you might say:

• Sprawdzam godzinę odjazdu jeszcze raz.

That can work if the missing information is clear from context.

But without context, godzinę odjazdu pociągu is clearer and more complete.

Polish often omits things that are obvious, but in a standalone sentence the full version sounds more natural.

It is neutral. It works in everyday spoken and written Polish.

It is not especially formal, and it is not slangy or casual in a marked way. You could say it:

• in conversation
• at a station
• in a text message
• when speaking to yourself

That makes it a good model sentence for learners: natural, standard, and widely usable.