Pada deszcz, ale mimo to idę na spacer.

Both pada deszcz and deszcz pada are possible in Polish.

• Pada deszcz is a very common, natural way to say it is raining.
• Deszcz pada is also grammatical, but it puts a little more focus on deszcz (rain).

In weather expressions, Polish often prefers the verb first:

• Pada deszcz. = It’s raining.
• Pada śnieg. = It’s snowing.

So the word order here sounds very normal and idiomatic.

Polish usually does not need a dummy subject like English it in weather expressions.

In English, you say:

• It is raining

But in Polish, you simply say:

• Pada deszcz

That is because Polish does not need a subject in this kind of sentence. The verb form itself is enough, and weather expressions often work without any equivalent of English it.

Pada is the 3rd person singular form of the verb padać.

Here, padać means to fall or, in weather contexts, to come down:

• Pada deszcz = rain is falling = it is raining
• Pada śnieg = snow is falling = it is snowing

So pada is present tense and matches deszcz, which is singular.

Mimo to means despite that, even so, or nevertheless.

In this sentence:

• Pada deszcz, ale mimo to idę na spacer.
• It’s raining, but despite that / even so / nevertheless, I’m going for a walk.

It connects the two ideas:

1. it is raining
2. I am still going for a walk

So mimo to strengthens the contrast. The sentence would still work without it:

• Pada deszcz, ale idę na spacer.

But mimo to adds the feeling of in spite of that fact.

It can seem repetitive if translated too literally, but in Polish this combination is completely natural.

• ale = but
• mimo to = despite that / even so

Together they create a strong contrast:

• It’s raining, but even so I’m going for a walk.

You could say:

• Pada deszcz, ale idę na spacer.
• Pada deszcz, mimo to idę na spacer.
• Pada deszcz, ale mimo to idę na spacer.

All are possible, but the full version sounds especially emphatic.

This is an important distinction in Polish.

• iść / idę = to go, in one specific direction, right now or on one occasion
• chodzić / chodzę = to go/walk around, habitually, repeatedly, or without a single directed trip

So:

• Idę na spacer = I’m going for a walk / I’m on my way for a walk
• Chodzę na spacery = I go for walks / I take walks regularly

In your sentence, the speaker means one current action, so idę is the right choice.

Polish uses the expression iść na spacer to mean to go for a walk.

Here:

• na
  • accusative is used after verbs of motion to show the goal or purpose of the movement.

So:

• iść na spacer = to go for a walk
• iść na koncert = to go to a concert
• iść na obiad = to go for lunch

It is simply the standard idiomatic construction. You learn it as a set phrase:

• na spacer

Spacer is in the accusative case, but here it looks the same as the nominative because spacer is an inanimate masculine noun.

• nominative: spacer
• accusative: spacer

After na with motion, Polish usually uses the accusative:

• Idę na spacer.
• Idę na obiad.
• Idę na film.

So the case changes grammatically, even if the noun’s form does not visibly change.

Yes, you can, and it would be natural.

Compare:

• Idę na spacer. = I’m going for a walk.
• Idę spacerować. = I’m going to walk / I’m going for a walk.

The first one uses a noun phrase (for a walk). The second one uses an infinitive (to walk).

Both are correct, but iść na spacer is extremely common and very idiomatic.

Both relate to rain, but deszcz is the normal everyday word.

• deszcz = rain
• dżdż = drizzle or a literary/rare word; much less common in modern everyday speech

So in ordinary Polish, you should use:

• Pada deszcz.

If you want to say It’s drizzling, a more common modern way is:

• Mży.
• Pada mżawka.

Yes. Polish word order is flexible, although some versions sound more neutral than others.

The original:

• Pada deszcz, ale mimo to idę na spacer.

Other possible versions:

• Ale mimo to idę na spacer, chociaż pada deszcz.
• Mimo to idę na spacer, choć pada deszcz.
• Idę na spacer mimo deszczu.

The original version is very natural and clear. Changing the order usually changes the emphasis, not the basic meaning.

Yes. Both pada and idę are present tense forms.

• pada = is falling / rains
• idę = I go / I am going

Polish present tense often corresponds to either:

• the English simple present, or
• the English present continuous

So:

• idę na spacer can mean I’m going for a walk
• depending on context, it can also sometimes mean I go for a walk

Here, because it describes a current situation, I’m going for a walk is the most natural translation.

Yes, often you can.

For example:

• Pada deszcz, ale jednak idę na spacer.
• Pada deszcz, jednak idę na spacer.

Jednak can mean however, still, or all the same.

There is a slight difference in tone:

• mimo to = more literally despite that
• jednak = more like however / still / nevertheless

Both are natural, but mimo to makes the contrast with the rain feel especially explicit.