W tym semestrze uczę się polskiego codziennie po pracy.

W tym semestrze means in this semester / this semester. It sets the time frame for the whole sentence.

Polish often puts time expressions near the beginning, especially when they give important context. In English, we might also say:

• This semester, I study Polish every day after work.

So the Polish word order is very natural here.

Because the preposition w usually requires the locative case when it means in.

So:

• ten semestr = nominative, this semester
• w tym semestrze = locative, in this semester

The forms change like this:

• ten → tym
• semestr → semestrze

This is a very common pattern after w.

Semestrze is in the locative singular.

The base form is:

• semestr = semester

After w, it becomes:

• w semestrze = in the semester

And with this:

• w tym semestrze = in this semester

So if you are learning cases, this is a good example of w + locative.

Uczę się comes from the verb uczyć się, which means to learn / to study.

The się is part of the verb. You usually learn it as one unit:

• uczyć się = to learn, to study

This is important because:

• uczyć = to teach
• uczyć się = to learn / study

So:

• Uczę dzieci. = I teach children.
• Uczę się polskiego. = I study/learn Polish.

For an English speaker, this is a very common source of confusion, so it is best to memorize the verb with się attached.

In Polish, się is often placed after the verb, especially in simple sentences like this:

• Uczę się polskiego.

That is the most neutral and natural position here.

You may sometimes see się in other positions in longer sentences, because Polish word order is flexible, but for learners, verb + się is the safest default pattern.

Because uczyć się normally takes the genitive case.

So:

• polski = nominative form
• polskiego = genitive form

That is why we say:

• uczę się polskiego

not:

• uczę się polski

This is one of those patterns you need to learn with the verb:

• uczyć się + genitive

Yes. Polskiego is often understood as a shortened form of:

• języka polskiego = the Polish language

So:

• Uczę się polskiego literally means something like I am learning Polish
• more fully: Uczę się języka polskiego

In everyday Polish, leaving out języka is completely normal.

It can mean both, depending on context.

In this sentence, because of codziennie po pracy and w tym semestrze, it strongly suggests a regular activity, so in English you might translate it as:

• I study Polish every day after work this semester
• This semester, I’m learning Polish every day after work

Polish present tense often covers both simple present and present continuous meanings from English.

Codziennie means every day.

Its position here is natural:

• W tym semestrze uczę się polskiego codziennie po pracy.

It comes after the object polskiego and before po pracy, which sounds smooth and clear.

Polish word order is flexible, so you could move codziennie for emphasis, but this version is very normal and easy to understand.

Because the preposition po here requires the locative case.

The base form is:

• praca = work

After po, it becomes:

• po pracy = after work

So this is another case pattern you can learn:

• po + locative

Examples:

• po obiedzie = after lunch
• po szkole = after school
• po pracy = after work

Usually it means after work in the general everyday sense, just like in English.

Polish often does not use possessives like my unless they are needed for clarity. So:

• po pracy naturally means after work / after I finish work

If needed, Polish could be more explicit, but in this sentence it is completely normal to leave it general.

Yes. That is a good translation.

W tym semestrze can be understood as:

• this semester
• during this semester
• in this semester

In natural English, this semester or during this semester usually sounds best.

Polish word order is fairly flexible, so other versions are possible, for example:

• Uczę się polskiego codziennie po pracy w tym semestrze.
• Codziennie po pracy uczę się polskiego w tym semestrze.

But the original sentence is very natural because it goes from time frame to action to frequency to time of day/work:

• W tym semestrze = this semester
• uczę się polskiego = I study Polish
• codziennie = every day
• po pracy = after work

For learners, the original version is a very good model.

You might hear something similar in some contexts, but uczę się polskiego is the most natural and standard way to say I am learning/studying Polish as a language.

Studiować often means to study at university or to study a subject in a more formal/academic way. So:

• uczę się polskiego = I’m learning/studying Polish
• studiuję na uniwersytecie = I study at a university

For talking about learning a language, uczyć się + genitive is the pattern to remember.

It describes a habit / repeated action.

The clues are:

• w tym semestrze = this semester
• codziennie = every day
• po pracy = after work

So the idea is not I am studying Polish right this second, but rather this is my regular routine during the semester.

That is why in English the best translation often uses the simple present:

• This semester I study Polish every day after work

or more naturally:

• This semester I’m learning Polish every day after work.