Kiedy pada deszcz, zakładam kalosze i idę wolno przez przejście dla pieszych.

Here kiedy introduces a time clause, so it means when.

In this kind of sentence, Polish often uses the present tense to describe something habitual or repeated, so the full sense is often closer to:

• When it rains, I put on rain boots...
• or Whenever it rains, I put on rain boots...

So in practice, kiedy here can feel like English when or whenever, depending on context.

Pada deszcz is a very common Polish way to say it is raining or literally rain is falling.

• pada = falls / is falling
• deszcz = rain

Grammatically, deszcz is the subject, and pada is 3rd person singular because deszcz is singular.

Polish often expresses weather this way:

• Pada śnieg = It is snowing / Snow is falling
• Pada deszcz = It is raining

You may also hear just Pada, which by itself can mean It’s raining if the context is clear.

Yes, you could, but pada deszcz is the more neutral, usual order here.

Polish word order is flexible, so both are grammatically possible:

• Pada deszcz = neutral, natural
• Deszcz pada = possible, but gives a bit more emphasis to deszcz

A learner should usually treat pada deszcz as the standard expression.

In Polish, zakładać is commonly used for putting on clothes, shoes, glasses, a hat, gloves, and similar things.

So:

• zakładam kalosze = I put on rain boots

By contrast:

• ubierać (się) is more like to dress (oneself) in a broader sense
• ubieram się = I’m getting dressed

For specific items, especially footwear or accessories, zakładać is often the most natural choice.

Examples:

• zakładam buty = I put on shoes
• zakładam kurtkę = I put on a jacket
• zakładam okulary = I put on glasses

Because zakładać takes a direct object, and direct objects are usually in the accusative case.

Here:

• dictionary form: kalosze = rain boots / wellingtons
• accusative plural: kalosze

So the form happens to look the same as the nominative plural.

That is very common in Polish: sometimes the accusative form is identical to the nominative form.

This is a very good question, because both verbs relate to going/walking, but they are used differently.

• iść / idę = going in one direction, a specific movement
• chodzić / chodzę = going around habitually, repeatedly, or in no fixed direction

In this sentence, idę presents the action as a concrete movement: I walk / I go across the crossing.

Even though the whole sentence describes a repeated situation (when it rains...), Polish often still uses idę if the imagined action is a single, directed movement.

So:

• idę przez przejście = I am walking across the crossing
• chodzę przez przejście would sound different and less natural here

Yes. Wolno has two different uses:

1. wolno = slowly
2. wolno = it is allowed / one may

In your sentence, it clearly means slowly:

• idę wolno = I walk slowly

Context makes the meaning clear.

That said, many learners also meet powoli, which also means slowly. In many situations:

• idę wolno
• idę powoli

both work.

Powoli is often the more straightforward word for learners, while wolno is also very common and natural.

Przez usually means through, across, or via, and it takes the accusative case.

Here it means you are moving across the pedestrian crossing:

• przez przejście dla pieszych = across the pedestrian crossing

So:

• przez = across / through
• przejście = crossing / passage

Since przez requires the accusative, przejście is in the accusative form. In this case, singular przejście looks the same in nominative and accusative.

Literally, it means:

• przejście = crossing / passage
• dla = for
• pieszych = pedestrians

So literally: a crossing for pedestrians.

This is the standard Polish expression for a pedestrian crossing / crosswalk.

The preposition dla takes the genitive case.

So:

• piesi = pedestrians (nominative plural)
• pieszych = of/for pedestrians (genitive plural)

That is why the phrase is:

• przejście dla pieszych

This structure is very common in Polish:

• pokój dla dzieci = a room for children
• prezent dla mamy = a present for mum
• miejsce dla gości = a place for guests

Because Kiedy pada deszcz is a subordinate clause, and in Polish subordinate clauses are normally separated by a comma.

So the structure is:

• Kiedy pada deszcz, = subordinate time clause
• zakładam kalosze i idę wolno przez przejście dla pieszych. = main clause

Polish uses commas more regularly than English in this kind of sentence, so this comma is required.

Yes. Polish word order is fairly flexible, because case endings show grammatical relationships.

Your sentence is in a neutral, natural order:

• Kiedy pada deszcz, zakładam kalosze i idę wolno przez przejście dla pieszych.

But Polish can move things around for emphasis, for example:

• Kiedy pada deszcz, kalosze zakładam i idę wolno przez przejście dla pieszych.
• Wolno idę przez przejście dla pieszych, kiedy pada deszcz.

These are possible, but they sound marked or emphasize different parts. For a learner, the original order is the best one to use.

Most naturally, it describes a habitual action:

• When it rains, I put on rain boots and walk slowly across the pedestrian crossing.

That habitual meaning comes from the whole structure, especially kiedy + present tense.

Polish present tense can describe:

• what is happening now
• what usually happens

Here it is understood as a general habit or repeated situation, not just one single event.

Yes, that is possible in many contexts.

• Kiedy pada, zakładam kalosze... = When it rains, I put on rain boots...

Because pada is so commonly associated with rain or snow, the meaning is often clear from context.

Still, kiedy pada deszcz is completely correct and a bit more explicit. For a learner, it can even be helpful because it makes the meaning very clear.