Lekarka powiedziała, że maść pomoże na tę małą ranę.

Lekarka means female doctor, while lekarz is male doctor or sometimes a gender-neutral dictionary form.

In this sentence, the doctor is clearly female, and that matches the verb form powiedziała, which is also feminine. Polish often shows gender more explicitly than English does.

Powiedziała is the past tense, 3rd person singular feminine form of powiedzieć (to say / to tell).

So:

• powiedział = he said
• powiedziała = she said
• powiedziało = it said (neuter)

Because the subject is lekarka, the feminine form powiedziała is required.

In Polish, a comma is normally used before że when it introduces a subordinate clause.

So:

• Lekarka powiedziała = main clause
• że maść pomoże na tę małą ranę = subordinate clause

This is very standard in Polish punctuation.

Że means that and introduces the content of what was said.

So the structure is:

• Lekarka powiedziała, że... = The doctor said that...

In English, that is often optional:

• The doctor said the ointment will help...
• The doctor said that the ointment will help...

In Polish, że is normally kept.

Maść is the thing that will help, so it is the subject of the second clause.

In:

• maść pomoże na tę małą ranę

the subject is maść = the ointment.

You can tell it is the subject because it is in the nominative form. The verb pomoże agrees with it in number: both are singular.

Pomoże is the future form of the perfective verb pomóc (to help). It means the ointment will help.

Polish often uses:

• pomagać = imperfective, ongoing/repeated helping
• pomóc = perfective, help successfully / give help as a complete result

Here the idea is that the ointment will have an effect on the wound, so pomoże is natural.

Compare:

• Maść pomaga na rany. = The ointment helps with wounds. / is helpful for wounds in general.
• Maść pomoże na tę ranę. = The ointment will help with this wound.

This is a useful pattern: coś pomoże na coś.

It means something is a remedy or treatment for a problem:

• To pomoże na ból głowy. = This will help for a headache.
• Ta maść pomoże na ranę. = This ointment will help for a wound.

Be careful: pomóc also has another very common pattern:

• pomóc komuś / czemuś
  • dative = to help someone/something

For example:

• Pomogę ci. = I’ll help you.

So:

• pomóc komuś = help a person
• pomóc na coś = help against / for some ailment or problem

Because tę is the accusative singular feminine form of ta.

The noun rana is feminine, and after na in this sentence we need the accusative:

• nominative: ta mała rana = this small wound
• accusative: tę małą ranę = this small wound

So tę must agree with ranę.

Note: in everyday speech, many native speakers say tą instead of tę, but in careful standard Polish, tę is preferred here.

They change because they are in the accusative singular feminine.

Base form:

• mała rana = a small wound

After na here:

• na małą ranę

The adjective and noun must both match the case, gender, and number:

• mała → małą
• rana → ranę

This agreement is a central feature of Polish grammar.

Because the preposition na often takes the accusative, and in this expression pomóc na coś, the thing affected is put after na in the accusative.

So:

• rana = nominative
• ranę = accusative

This is not because rana is the direct object of pomóc in the usual sense, but because it is part of the fixed prepositional phrase na ranę.

Maść is pronounced roughly like mashch, though the Polish sound is softer and more compact than English sounds.

A rough breakdown:

• ma sounds like ma in father
• ść is a soft consonant cluster, something like shch but palatalized

The spelling ść is common in Polish and often appears in feminine nouns like this one. Maść is an irregular-looking word for English speakers, but it is a normal Polish noun meaning ointment.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English word order because cases show the grammatical relationships.

This sentence is neutral and natural:

• Lekarka powiedziała, że maść pomoże na tę małą ranę.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, for example:

• Lekarka powiedziała, że na tę małą ranę pomoże maść.
• Na tę małą ranę maść pomoże.

Those alternatives may sound more marked or emphasize the wound or the ointment. The original version is the most straightforward.

Usually said is the safest translation here.

Powiedzieć often corresponds to to say, while powiedzieć komuś can correspond to to tell someone:

• Powiedziała mi, że... = She told me that...

In your sentence, there is no indirect object like me, him, or the patient, so said fits especially well:

• The female doctor said that...