We wtorek po pracy idę do fryzjerki.

We is a pronunciation variant of w. Polish uses we before some consonant clusters when w would be awkward to pronounce.

So:

• we wtorek = on Tuesday
• not normally w wtorek

You will see the same thing in phrases like:

• we Wrocławiu
• we Francji

It is mainly about sound and ease of pronunciation.

It is in the accusative.

With days of the week, Polish usually uses w / we + accusative to mean on a given day:

• w poniedziałek = on Monday
• we wtorek = on Tuesday
• w czwartek = on Thursday

In this particular sentence, wtorek looks the same as the nominative form, because for this masculine inanimate noun, nominative and accusative are identical.

Compare with a day where the form changes:

• środa → w środę

Because po in the meaning after takes the locative case.

• praca = work
• po pracy = after work

So pracy is the locative singular form of praca.

This is a very common fixed phrase:

• po pracy = after work
• po szkole = after school
• po obiedzie = after lunch

In natural English, the best translation is usually after work.

Polish does not use articles like a or the, and it often leaves possession unstated when it is obvious from context. So po pracy usually means:

• after finishing work
• after the workday
• after I get off work

It does not normally sound as specific as after my job in English.

Because Polish, like English, can use a present form for a planned future action, especially with verbs of motion.

So:

• We wtorek po pracy idę do fryzjerki.

means something like:

• On Tuesday after work I’m going to the hairdresser.

This is very similar to English I’m going... for a future arrangement.

The time phrase we wtorek po pracy makes it clear that the meaning is future.

Yes, you could, but the nuance changes a bit.

• idę do fryzjerki = I’m going to the hairdresser / I’m going to the hairdresser on Tuesday
• pójdę do fryzjerki = I will go to the hairdresser

A simple way to think about it:

• idę sounds like a plan or arrangement already in motion
• pójdę sounds more like a straightforward future statement

So both can work, but idę is very natural for a scheduled plan.

Because the preposition do takes the genitive case.

• fryzjerka = female hairdresser
• do fryzjerki = to the female hairdresser / to the hairdresser’s place

So:

• nominative: fryzjerka
• genitive: fryzjerki

This pattern is extremely common:

• do lekarza = to the doctor
• do dentysty = to the dentist
• do fryzjerki = to the female hairdresser

Usually it means to the hairdresser, in the practical sense of to see that hairdresser for an appointment, often at her salon or workplace.

In Polish, it is very common to say you are going to a person when you really mean to that person’s place of work/service.

So do fryzjerki can naturally imply:

• I’m going to my female hairdresser
• I’m going to the salon where she works
• I’m going to get my hair done

The focus is on the service provider rather than the building.

Yes, fryzjerka is the feminine noun, so it refers to a female hairdresser.

Compare:

• fryzjer = male hairdresser / hairdresser
• fryzjerka = female hairdresser

So do fryzjerki specifically points to a woman.

If you said do fryzjera, that would mean to the hairdresser with a masculine form, often understood as a male hairdresser.

Because Polish usually leaves subject pronouns out when they are clear from the verb ending.

• idę already means I go / I’m going

So ja is unnecessary unless you want emphasis or contrast.

For example:

• Idę do fryzjerki. = I’m going to the hairdresser.
• Ja idę do fryzjerki, a on do dentysty. = I’m going to the hairdresser, and he’s going to the dentist.

In the second sentence, ja is used for emphasis/contrast.

No, Polish word order is fairly flexible.

The sentence:

• We wtorek po pracy idę do fryzjerki.

is natural and neutral, with the time information placed first.

You could also hear:

• Po pracy we wtorek idę do fryzjerki.
• Idę do fryzjerki we wtorek po pracy.

These all mean roughly the same thing, but the emphasis changes slightly.

A rough guide:

• putting time first often sets the scene
• putting idę do fryzjerki first can emphasize the action

Because in Polish, days of the week are normally not capitalized.

So Polish writes:

• poniedziałek
• wtorek
• środa

not Poniedziałek, Wtorek, Środa, unless the word starts the sentence.

This is the same rule used for months as well.

By itself, we wtorek simply means on Tuesday.

In real context, it often gets understood as this coming Tuesday if you are talking about plans. But the phrase itself does not automatically force that meaning.

So the exact interpretation depends on the situation:

• talking about plans for next week: probably this coming Tuesday
• talking generally: just on Tuesday

Context decides.