On jeszcze nie wrócił.

Word by word:

• On = he
• jeszcze = still / yet
• nie = not
• wrócił = returned / came back

So the whole sentence means something like He hasn’t come back yet or He still hasn’t returned.

Yes, Polish often omits subject pronouns because the verb ending usually shows who the subject is.

So:

• On jeszcze nie wrócił. = He hasn’t come back yet.
• Jeszcze nie wrócił. = also He hasn’t come back yet, if the subject is clear from context.

Including on can make the subject more explicit, add emphasis, or help contrast with someone else:

• On jeszcze nie wrócił, ale ona już tak. = He still hasn’t come back, but she already has.

Together, jeszcze nie usually means not yet or still not, depending on how you translate it naturally into English.

In this sentence:

• jeszcze nie wrócił = hasn’t returned yet / still hasn’t returned

A very common pattern in Polish is:

• jeszcze nie + verb

Examples:

• Jeszcze nie jem. = I’m not eating yet.
• Jeszcze nie wiem. = I don’t know yet.
• Jeszcze nie skończyłem. = I haven’t finished yet.

Polish does not have a direct equivalent of the English present perfect in the same way English does. Very often, Polish uses the past tense where English uses either:

• returned
• has returned
• hasn’t returned yet

So wrócił is grammatically a past-tense form, but in context it can match English has returned or returned.

That is why:

• On wrócił. can mean He came back or He has come back
• On jeszcze nie wrócił. can mean He hasn’t come back yet

The infinitive is wrócić, meaning to return or to come back.

So:

• wrócić = infinitive
• wrócił = he returned / he has returned

This is a perfective verb, which means it refers to a completed action.

In the past tense, Polish verbs agree with the gender and number of the subject.

wrócił is the form for:

• masculine singular → he returned

Other forms are:

• wróciła = she returned
• wróciło = it returned (neuter)
• wrócili = they returned (masculine-personal)
• wróciły = they returned (non-masculine-personal)

So On jeszcze nie wrócił specifically tells you the subject is masculine singular.

This is a question about aspect, which is very important in Polish.

• wrócił comes from wrócić and is perfective
• wracał comes from wracać and is imperfective

In simple terms:

• wrócił focuses on the action as completed
• wracał focuses on the action as ongoing, repeated, or in progress

Compare:

• On wrócił. = He came back / He has returned.
• On wracał. = He was coming back / He used to come back.

In your sentence, jeszcze nie wrócił makes sense because the idea is that the return has not been completed yet.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English, although not completely free.

The most neutral order here is:

• On jeszcze nie wrócił.

But you may also hear:

• On nie wrócił jeszcze.
• Jeszcze nie wrócił.
• Jeszcze on nie wrócił. — more marked, usually for emphasis or contrast

The difference is usually about emphasis, rhythm, or style rather than basic meaning.

For example:

• On jeszcze nie wrócił. = neutral
• On nie wrócił jeszcze. = also natural, with jeszcze sounding slightly more like yet
• Jeszcze nie wrócił. = very natural when the subject is already understood

Both are natural and usually mean the same thing: he hasn’t come back yet.

Very roughly:

• jeszcze nie wrócił can feel a bit like still hasn’t returned
• nie wrócił jeszcze can feel a bit like hasn’t returned yet

But in many everyday situations, the difference is tiny and both are acceptable.

A rough guide:

• jeszcze sounds approximately like YESH-che
• wrócił sounds approximately like VROO-cheew

A few helpful details:

• w in Polish sounds like English v
• ó sounds like u in many modern words
• cz sounds like English ch
• ci before another vowel often gives a soft ć-like sound
• final ł sounds like English w

So:

• wrócił ≈ vroo-cheew

This is only an approximation, but it is a useful starting point.

It can mean both, depending on context.

• wrócić do domu = to come back home
• wrócić do pracy = to return to work
• wrócić do tematu = to return to the topic

So in your sentence, English may translate it naturally as either:

• He hasn’t returned yet
• He hasn’t come back yet

Yes, if they want to specify the manner of coming back.

• wrócił = returned / came back, in a general sense
• przyszedł = came on foot
• przyjechał = came by vehicle
• przyleciał = came by plane / flew back

So:

• On jeszcze nie wrócił. = He still hasn’t returned.
• On jeszcze nie przyjechał. = He still hasn’t arrived by vehicle.
• On jeszcze nie przyszedł. = He still hasn’t come / arrived on foot.

wrócił is the broad, general choice if the key idea is coming back.

You change the pronoun if you want to include it, and you must also change the past-tense verb form.

Examples:

• Ona jeszcze nie wróciła. = She hasn’t come back yet.
• Oni jeszcze nie wrócili. = They haven’t come back yet.
  (for a group containing at least one male person)
• One jeszcze nie wróciły. = They haven’t come back yet.
  (for an all-female group or non-masculine-personal group)

This is because Polish past tense agrees with gender and number.