Fachowiec powiedział, że rura jest już wymieniona.

Fachowiec means a skilled worker, specialist, professional, or tradesperson, depending on context.

In this sentence, it suggests someone who knows their trade, probably a plumber or repair person. It is more specific and more positive than just worker.

A few rough English equivalents:

• specialist
• professional
• tradesman / tradesperson
• skilled worker

So fachowiec implies competence, not just someone doing labor.

Because powiedział means said as a completed act of speaking, while mówił usually means was speaking, used to say, or sometimes said in a more ongoing/imperfective sense.

• powiedzieć = perfective, one completed statement
• mówić = imperfective, ongoing/repeated speaking

In this sentence, the speaker is reporting one specific statement, so powiedział is the natural choice.

Compare:

• Fachowiec powiedział, że... = The professional said that...
• Fachowiec mówił, że... = The professional was saying / used to say that...

Że means that and introduces a subordinate clause.

So the sentence structure is:

• Fachowiec powiedział = The professional said
• że rura jest już wymieniona = that the pipe is already replaced

In English, that is often optional:

• The professional said that the pipe had already been replaced.
• The professional said the pipe had already been replaced.

In Polish, że is much more commonly stated, so it is normal here.

Because rura is the subject of the clause rura jest już wymieniona.

In that clause:

• rura = the pipe
• jest = is
• wymieniona = replaced

The thing being described is the pipe, so it stays in the nominative case: rura.

You would use rurę if the pipe were a direct object, for example:

• Fachowiec wymienił rurę. = The professional replaced the pipe.

So compare:

• Rura jest wymieniona. = The pipe is replaced. → subject, nominative
• Wymienił rurę. = He replaced the pipe. → object, accusative

Jest wymieniona is a kind of passive/resultative construction: is replaced.

It focuses on the state/result of the pipe now, not primarily on the action itself.

• jest wymieniona = is in a replaced state / has been replaced
• wymieniono rurę = the pipe was replaced / someone replaced the pipe
• została wymieniona = was replaced / has been replaced

So rura jest już wymieniona emphasizes that the result is already true now: the pipe is already replaced.

Because wymieniona agrees with rura, which is:

• feminine
• singular
• nominative

Polish participles/adjectival forms must agree with the noun they describe.

So:

• rura → feminine singular → wymieniona
• kabel → masculine singular → wymieniony
• okno → neuter singular → wymienione
• rury → plural non-masculine-personal → wymienione

This is the same kind of agreement you see with adjectives in Polish.

Już means already.

It shows that the replacement has happened before the moment being discussed. It often gives the sense:

• this is done now
• this has happened sooner than expected
• this stage is completed

So:

• rura jest wymieniona = the pipe is replaced
• rura jest już wymieniona = the pipe is already replaced

The second version stresses completion more clearly.

Yes, Polish word order is flexible, and już can move, but different positions affect emphasis.

The neutral version here is:

• rura jest już wymieniona

Other possible orders:

• rura już jest wymieniona
• już rura jest wymieniona
• rura wymieniona jest już — possible, but marked/stylistically unusual in normal speech

The most natural everyday order is usually jest już wymieniona or już jest wymieniona, depending on emphasis.

They are close, but not identical.

• jest już wymieniona focuses on the current state/result: the pipe is already replaced
• została już wymieniona focuses a bit more on the completed event: the pipe has already been replaced / was already replaced

In many situations, both are natural and translate similarly. But the nuance is:

• jest wymieniona = state
• została wymieniona = action completed

Yes. That is also grammatical, but the focus changes slightly.

• Fachowiec powiedział, że rura jest już wymieniona.
  Focus: the pipe is now in the replaced state.

• Fachowiec powiedział, że wymieniono już rurę.
  Focus: someone has already replaced the pipe.

The second version is more impersonal and action-focused. The original sentence sounds more like a status update.

Because the clause after że reports a statement whose content is still presented as true at the relevant moment.

Polish often keeps the tense that fits the meaning of the reported clause itself. Here:

• powiedział = he said
• rura jest już wymieniona = the pipe is already replaced

This is similar to English when you say:

• He said the pipe is already replaced.

English also often shifts tense:

• He said the pipe was already replaced.

Polish usually does not have the same strict sequence-of-tenses pattern as English. Using jest is very normal here.

It is a past passive participle used like an adjective.

It comes from the verb wymienić = to replace.

So wymieniona literally means something like replaced and agrees like an adjective:

• wymieniona rura = a replaced pipe
• rura jest wymieniona = the pipe is replaced

This is why it changes form depending on gender and number.

A rough pronunciation guide for an English speaker:

• Fachowiec ≈ fa-HO-vyets
• powiedział ≈ po-VYED-jaw
• że ≈ zhe
• rura ≈ ROO-ra
• jest ≈ yest
• już ≈ yoozh
• wymieniona ≈ vy-mye-NYO-na

A few useful sound notes:

• ch is like a hard h
• w sounds like English v
• j sounds like English y
• rz and ż usually sound like zh in measure
• ó sounds like u

The noun fachowiec is grammatically masculine. If you want to refer specifically to a woman, Polish may use:

• fachowiec anyway, in a gender-neutral-by-profession sense
• or a feminine form such as fachowczyni, though usage depends on speaker and context

In real everyday Polish, many people still use fachowiec for a female professional too, especially when talking about occupation rather than gender.

So if the person is male, fachowiec powiedział is straightforward. If female, you may hear different choices depending on style and preference.