Ta przesiadka jest krótka, więc zdążymy na pociąg.

Przesiadka usually means a transfer, change, or connection in travel—when you switch from one train, bus, etc. to another. Depending on context, it can mean:

• the act of changing vehicles
• the connection itself
• the transfer time

In this sentence, it refers to the transfer/connection between one part of the journey and the next.

Because przesiadka is a feminine singular noun, and Polish demonstratives must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

So:

• ten = masculine
• ta = feminine
• to = neuter

Since przesiadka is feminine, the correct form is ta.

For the same reason: adjectives in Polish also have to agree with the noun they describe.

• przesiadka is feminine singular
• so the adjective must also be feminine singular
• therefore: krótka

Compare:

• ten pociąg jest krótki = this train is short
• ta przesiadka jest krótka = this transfer is short

Jest is the 3rd person singular of być = to be, so it means is.

In Polish, you sometimes see sentences without jest, especially in very informal speech or in expressions like To mój brat. But with an adjective like krótka, using jest is the normal standard structure:

• Ta przesiadka jest krótka.

Leaving it out here would sound unnatural.

Więc means so, therefore, or thus.

It introduces a result or conclusion based on what came before:

• Ta przesiadka jest krótka, więc zdążymy na pociąg.
• The transfer is short, so we’ll make the train.

A useful contrast:

• bo = because
• więc = so / therefore

So:

• Zdążymy na pociąg, bo ta przesiadka jest krótka. = We’ll make the train because this transfer is short.
• Ta przesiadka jest krótka, więc zdążymy na pociąg. = This transfer is short, so we’ll make the train.

Zdążymy comes from zdążyć, which means to make it in time, to manage to be on time, or to catch something in time.

So zdążymy na pociąg means something like:

• we’ll make the train
• we’ll catch the train
• we’ll get there in time for the train

It is a very common verb when talking about not being late for transport, meetings, classes, and so on.

Because zdążyć is a perfective verb.

In Polish, perfective verbs do not have a normal present tense meaning. Their present-tense-looking forms actually refer to the future.

So:

• zdążę = I will make it in time
• zdążysz = you will make it in time
• zdążymy = we will make it in time

The imperfective partner is zdążać, which is used differently.

This is a very common feature of Polish verbs.

Because with zdążyć, Polish normally uses na + accusative to mean in time for something.

So:

• zdążyć na pociąg = to make the train
• zdążyć na autobus = to make the bus
• zdążyć na samolot = to make the plane
• zdążyć na lekcję = to get to class on time

In other words, na pociąg here does not literally mean just onto the train. In this pattern, it means for the train / in time for the train.

It is in the accusative singular, because the preposition na takes the accusative in this expression: zdążyć na coś.

The reason it looks the same as the dictionary form is that pociąg is a masculine inanimate noun, and for many masculine inanimate nouns:

• nominative = pociąg
• accusative = pociąg

So the form does not change, even though the case does.

This is a very useful distinction.

• na pociąg = for the train, as in being in time for it
• do pociągu = into the train, used with verbs of entering or boarding

Examples:

• zdążyć na pociąg = to make the train
• wsiąść do pociągu = to get on the train
• wejść do pociągu = to go into the train

So in this sentence, na pociąg is correct because the idea is catching / making the train, not physically entering it.

Polish does not have articles like a and the.

That means nouns such as pociąg can mean:

• a train
• the train

depending on context.

Specificity is often shown by context or by words like ten / ta / to.

So here:

• ta przesiadka = this transfer
• pociąg = the train or a train, but context makes it clear which one is meant

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English word order, because endings carry a lot of grammatical information.

The sentence as given is natural and neutral:

• Ta przesiadka jest krótka, więc zdążymy na pociąg.

But other orders are possible for emphasis, especially in the second clause:

• Ta przesiadka jest krótka, więc na pociąg zdążymy.

That version puts more focus on na pociąg.

Still, the original sentence is the most straightforward and natural way to say it.