Moja nowa bluza ma duży kaptur i długie rękawy.

Ma means has.

It is the 3rd person singular form of the verb mieć (to have):

• mam = I have
• masz = you have
• ma = he/she/it has

Because bluza is grammatically singular, Polish uses ma.

Because they describe bluza, and bluza is a feminine singular noun.

In Polish, words like possessives and adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

So:

• moja = my, feminine singular
• nowa = new, feminine singular
• bluza = sweatshirt/top, feminine singular

That is why you get moja nowa bluza, not mój nowy bluza.

Because those adjectives are matching different nouns.

• kaptur (hood) is masculine singular, so: duży kaptur
• rękawy (sleeves) is plural, and not masculine-personal, so: długie rękawy

So the adjective changes to match the noun:

• duży = masculine singular
• długie = plural non-masculine-personal

This kind of agreement is one of the most important patterns in Polish grammar.

• bluza is in the nominative, because it is the subject of the sentence.
• kaptur and rękawy are in the accusative, because they are the direct objects of ma (has).

However, the forms look familiar because:

• for many inanimate masculine nouns, accusative = nominative
• for non-masculine-personal plural nouns, accusative = nominative

So:

• kaptur looks the same in nominative and accusative
• rękawy also looks the same in nominative and accusative

That is why the sentence does not show an obvious ending change there.

Rękawy is plural because the garment has two sleeves, so Polish normally uses the plural here, just like English usually says long sleeves.

• rękaw = sleeve
• rękawy = sleeves

You can say długi rękaw, but that usually means a long sleeve in the singular, for example when talking about one sleeve specifically, or in set phrases like clothing categories:

• koszulka z długim rękawem = a long-sleeved shirt

In this sentence, długie rękawy is the natural choice.

Bluza is a fairly broad word. It often means sweatshirt, sweater-like casual top, or sometimes hoodie, depending on context.

If you want to be very specific:

• bluza z kapturem = hoodie / sweatshirt with a hood

In your sentence, since it says the garment has a big hood, an English translation like hoodie may feel natural. But the Polish word itself is still bluza.

Because Polish has no articles like a, an, or the.

So duży kaptur can mean:

• a big hood
• the big hood

The exact meaning depends on context.

English needs an article, but Polish does not.

Yes, Polish word order is more flexible than English, because endings carry a lot of the grammatical information.

The most neutral order here is:

Moja nowa bluza ma duży kaptur i długie rękawy.

That sounds natural and straightforward.

You can change the order for emphasis, for example:

• Duży kaptur i długie rękawy ma moja nowa bluza.

This is grammatical, but it sounds more marked or contrastive, as if you are emphasizing what the sweatshirt has.

So yes, the word order can change, but the original version is the best default sentence for a learner.

Because that is the normal, neutral position in Polish:

• nowa bluza
• duży kaptur
• długie rękawy

Putting the adjective after the noun is possible in some cases, but it is usually:

• stylistic
• poetic
• contrastive
• less neutral

So for everyday Polish, learners should usually put adjectives before the noun unless they have a specific reason not to.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

MO-ya NO-va BLU-za ma DU-zhy KAP-toor ee DWOO-gye ren-KA-vih

A few useful sound notes:

• moja sounds roughly like MO-ya
• w in Polish sounds like English v
• ż in duży sounds like the s in measure
• ł sounds like English w
• ę in rękawy is a nasal vowel; before k it often sounds somewhat like en

A more careful approximation is:

MO-ya NO-va BLU-za ma DU-zhih KAP-toor ee DWOO-gye ren-KA-vih

Usually yes, but remember that Polish and English do not always divide clothing vocabulary in exactly the same way.

The grammar of the sentence is very straightforward:

• Moja nowa bluza = my new sweatshirt/top
• ma = has
• duży kaptur = a big hood
• i = and
• długie rękawy = long sleeves

So as a pattern, it is very useful:

[thing] + ma + [feature] + i + [feature]

For example:

• Ta kurtka ma duże kieszenie. = This jacket has big pockets.
• Ta sukienka ma krótkie rękawy. = This dress has short sleeves.

So yes, it is a good sentence model to reuse.