Ta firma szuka nowego pracownika na etat.

Because firma is a feminine noun in Polish.

In the singular nominative, this changes by gender:

• ten for masculine nouns
• ta for feminine nouns
• to for neuter nouns

So:

• ten dom = this house
• ta firma = this company
• to biuro = this office

Here, firma is feminine, so ta is the correct form.

Szuka is the 3rd person singular present tense form of the verb szukać (to look for / to seek).

The subject is ta firma = this company, which is grammatically she/it in Polish singular, so the verb must match that:

• ja szukam = I am looking for
• ty szukasz = you are looking for
• on/ona/ono szuka = he/she/it is looking for

So:

• Ta firma szuka... = This company is looking for...

Because the verb szukać usually takes its object in the genitive case, not the accusative or nominative.

The basic dictionary form is:

• nowy pracownik = a new employee

But after szukać, it changes to genitive:

• szuka nowego pracownika = is looking for a new employee

Both words change because the adjective must agree with the noun:

• nowy → nowego
• pracownik → pracownika

This is one of the most important things to remember with szukać.

Very commonly, yes. For a learner, it is a good rule to remember:

• szukać + genitive

Examples:

• szukam kluczy = I’m looking for the keys
• szukamy mieszkania = we’re looking for an apartment
• szuka nowego pracownika = she/it is looking for a new employee

This is why the object in your sentence is not in the basic dictionary form.

Because nowego must agree with pracownika in:

• gender: masculine
• number: singular
• case: genitive
• animacy: masculine animate

The noun is pracownik (employee), which is a masculine animate noun. In the genitive singular, the adjective nowy becomes nowego.

So:

• nominative: nowy pracownik
• genitive: nowego pracownika

This is standard adjective agreement in Polish.

Grammatically, pracownik is a masculine noun, so literally it refers to a male employee. However, in many contexts Polish uses masculine forms in a more generic way, especially in job-related language.

That said, modern usage can be more explicit if gender matters. Depending on context, people might also say things like:

• pracownika lub pracowniczki = a male or female employee
• osoby do pracy = a person for the job
• nowej osoby = a new person

So in your sentence, nowego pracownika may be understood generally, but in some contexts it can sound male-specific.

Na etat is an idiomatic expression connected with regular employment.

In this sentence, it means something like:

• for a full-time position
• as a regular employee
• on a standard employment basis

Very common related phrases are:

• na pełny etat = full-time
• na pół etatu = half-time / part-time
• pracować na etacie = to work in a regular salaried position

So szuka nowego pracownika na etat means the company is looking for someone to work as a regular employee, not just casually or temporarily.

Yes. In fact, na pełny etat is more specific.

Compare:

• na etat = for a regular employment position / on the payroll
• na pełny etat = full-time
• na pół etatu = half-time

So if you want to make it explicit that the job is full-time, na pełny etat is often clearer.

Yes.

• Ta firma szuka nowego pracownika na etat.
• Firma szuka nowego pracownika na etat.

Both are correct.

Adding ta makes it more like this company rather than just the company / a company depending on context. Polish has no articles, so words like ta often help specify what English would express with this or sometimes the.

Because Polish has no articles like English a / an / the.

So:

• pracownik can mean employee, an employee, or the employee
• the exact meaning depends on context

In your sentence, nowego pracownika naturally translates as a new employee.

Polish usually expresses definiteness or indefiniteness through context, word order, or extra words like:

• ten / ta / to = this
• jakiś / jakaś / jakieś = some / a certain

But very often, no extra word is needed.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English, although the original sentence is the most neutral.

Neutral order:

• Ta firma szuka nowego pracownika na etat.

Possible variations for emphasis:

• Nowego pracownika na etat szuka ta firma.
• Ta firma na etat szuka nowego pracownika.

These alternatives may sound more marked or emphasize a different part of the sentence. For learners, the original order is the safest and most natural.

Here are the dictionary forms:

• ta → basic demonstrative form, feminine nominative singular of ten
• firma → firma = company
• szuka → from szukać = to look for
• nowego → from nowy = new
• pracownika → from pracownik = employee
• na etat → fixed expression with etat = post / position / full-time employment

This is useful because in Polish, many words change form depending on case, gender, and number.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Polish present tense often covers both:

• is looking for
• looks for

In this sentence, English would usually say:

• This company is looking for a new employee...

because it sounds more natural for a current hiring situation. But grammatically, the Polish form itself is just present tense: szuka.

A rough pronunciation is:

• sz sounds like English sh
• u sounds like oo in food
• ka is straightforward: kah

So szuka sounds roughly like SHOO-kah.

Also useful from this sentence:

• firma ≈ FEER-ma
• etat ≈ EH-taht
• pracownika has stress on the second-to-last syllable: pra-cow-NEE-ka

Like most Polish words, the stress is on the penultimate syllable.