W salonie spaliła się żarówka, więc szukam nowej w szufladzie.

Because w meaning in takes the locative case when it describes location.

• salon = living room
• w salonie = in the living room

So the noun changes form after w:

• salon → w salonie
• szuflada → w szufladzie

In this sentence, both w salonie and w szufladzie are locations, so both use the locative.

Here spaliła się means burned out.

With a light bulb, Polish often uses spalić się to mean that it stopped working because the filament burned out. So:

• Żarówka się spaliła = The light bulb burned out

This is a very natural way to say it in Polish.

Się helps turn spalić into spalić się, which changes the meaning.

• spalić coś = to burn something / to burn something up
• spalić się = to burn, burn up, burn out

In this sentence, nobody actively burned the bulb. The bulb itself failed, so Polish uses spalić się.

For a learner, the easiest way to remember it is:

• spaliła się żarówka = the bulb burned out

Because the subject, żarówka, is feminine singular.

In the Polish past tense, the verb agrees with the gender and number of the subject:

• masculine singular: spalił się
• feminine singular: spaliła się
• neuter singular: spaliło się
• plural non-masculine personal: spaliły się

Since żarówka is feminine, the verb is spaliła się.

Because Polish has no articles like a or the.

So żarówka can mean:

• a light bulb
• the light bulb

The exact meaning comes from context. In this sentence, English naturally uses the light bulb because it sounds like a specific bulb in the living room.

Because the verb szukać normally takes the genitive case, not the accusative.

The full idea is:

• szukam nowej żarówki = I’m looking for a new bulb

Here:

• nowa żarówka = a new bulb
• nowej żarówki = of a new bulb / a new bulb after szukam

Since żarówki is omitted, the adjective stays in the same form:

• szukam nowej = I’m looking for a new one

So nowej is feminine singular genitive, agreeing with the understood noun żarówki.

Yes. That is very common in Polish.

If the noun is obvious from context, you can leave it out and just keep the adjective:

• szukam nowej = I’m looking for a new one

The listener understands that nowej means nowej żarówki because żarówka was already mentioned.

English does the same thing with one:

• I need a new bulb
• I’m looking for a new one

Polish often just uses the adjective form by itself.

For the same reason as w salonie: w meaning in takes the locative for location.

• szuflada = drawer
• w szufladzie = in the drawer

So the phrase means that the speaker is searching in the drawer.

It can mean both, depending on context.

Polish does not have a separate tense like English I am looking versus I look. The present tense szukam can cover both ideas:

• Szukam kluczy. = I’m looking for my keys.
• Często szukam rzeczy po omacku. = I often look for things by touch.

In this sentence, because it is describing a situation happening now, szukam is best understood as I’m looking.

Because więc introduces a new clause and Polish normally puts a comma before it.

• W salonie spaliła się żarówka, więc szukam nowej w szufladzie.

Here the sentence has two parts:

1. W salonie spaliła się żarówka
2. więc szukam nowej w szufladzie

The comma marks the connection so / therefore between them.

Often yes, but it is a bit more clearly logical or result-based.

In this sentence:

• więc = so / therefore

It links cause and result:

• the bulb burned out
• so I’m looking for a new one

It is very natural here.

No, Polish word order is fairly flexible.

This sentence starts with W salonie to set the scene first:

• W salonie spaliła się żarówka, więc szukam nowej w szufladzie.

You could also say:

• Żarówka spaliła się w salonie, więc szukam nowej w szufladzie.

Both are possible, but the emphasis shifts a little. Starting with W salonie makes the location feel like the topic or background.

In this sentence, it most naturally means that is where the searching is happening:

• I’m looking for a new one in the drawer

So w szufladzie goes with szukam.

Of course, the practical implication is also that the speaker expects the bulb to be there. But grammatically, the phrase describes the location of the search.