Moja mama daje mi herbatę.

Because mama is a feminine noun, and the possessive adjective my has to agree with it.

So:

• mój = my, for masculine singular nouns
• moja = my, for feminine singular nouns
• moje = my, for neuter singular nouns

Since mama is feminine, you say moja mama.

Examples:

• mój brat = my brother
• moja siostra = my sister
• moje dziecko = my child

Both mi and mnie can mean to me, but mi is the usual unstressed form and is very common in normal sentences like this one.

So in:

• Moja mama daje mi herbatę.

mi means to me.

You would more often use mnie:

• for emphasis
• after some prepositions
• in certain sentence positions

Compare:

• Mama daje mi herbatę. = Mom gives me tea.
• Mama daje herbatę mnie, nie jemu. = Mom gives tea to me, not to him.

So here, mi is the natural choice.

Mi is in the dative case.

The dative is often used for the indirect object, meaning the person who receives something.

In this sentence:

• moja mama = the subject, the person doing the action
• daje = gives
• mi = to me, the receiver
• herbatę = tea, the thing being given

So Polish marks me as the recipient with the dative:

• mi = to me

This is one of the most important uses of the dative in Polish.

Because herbatę is in the accusative case, not the nominative.

The noun herbata means tea in the basic dictionary form, which is the nominative:

• To jest herbata. = This is tea.

But in your sentence, tea is the direct object of gives — it is the thing being given — so Polish uses the accusative:

• herbata → herbatę

This change is very common for feminine nouns ending in -a:

• książka → książkę
• kawa → kawę
• herbata → herbatę

Daje is the 3rd person singular present tense form of the verb dawać = to give.

It matches moja mama = my mom, which is:

• 3rd person = she
• singular = one person

So:

• ja daję = I give
• ty dajesz = you give
• on/ona daje = he/she gives

In your sentence, mama is grammatically like ona = she, so you use daje.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Polish present tense often covers both:

• gives
• is giving

So:

• Moja mama daje mi herbatę. can mean
  
  • My mom gives me tea.
  • My mom is giving me tea.

The exact English translation depends on the situation:

• habitual action: gives
• action happening now: is giving

Polish does not need a separate form like English is giving here.

Because dawać is the imperfective verb, while dać is perfective.

Very roughly:

• dawać focuses on the action as ongoing, repeated, or general
• dać focuses on a completed act

In the present tense:

• dawać has a true present meaning: gives / is giving
• dać does not normally mean present; its present-looking forms usually refer to the future

So:

• Mama daje mi herbatę. = Mom gives / is giving me tea.
• Mama da mi herbatę. = Mom will give me tea.

That is a very important Polish aspect distinction.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English because the cases show the grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Moja mama daje mi herbatę.

But other orders are possible, for example:

• Moja mama mi daje herbatę.
• Herbatę daje mi moja mama.
• Mi daje herbatę moja mama.

These versions can sound different in emphasis or style, but the basic meaning stays similar because:

• mi is still dative
• herbatę is still accusative

So case endings help you understand who gives what to whom, even when the order changes.

Yes, absolutely.

Mama daje mi herbatę is very natural and often sounds more idiomatic in everyday speech, especially when it is already obvious whose mother you mean.

Adding moja makes it more explicit:

• moja mama = my mom

Without moja:

• Mama daje mi herbatę. = Mom is giving me tea. / Mom gives me tea.

In many contexts, Polish leaves out possessives when they are clear from the situation.

A simple approximation for an English speaker is:

MOH-ya MAH-ma DAH-yeh mee her-BAH-teh

A few useful details:

• moja sounds roughly like MOH-ya
• daje sounds roughly like DAH-yeh
• mi sounds like mee
• ę in herbatę is a nasal vowel, but in normal speech at the end of a word it is often pronounced close to -e or -eh

Stress in Polish is usually on the second-to-last syllable:

• MO-ja
• MA-ma
• DA-je
• her-BA-tę

So the strongest syllables are usually:

• MO
• MA
• DA
• BA

No. Polish often leaves subject pronouns out when they are not needed.

So instead of saying:

• Moja mama daje mi herbatę or
• Ona daje mi herbatę

Polish usually prefers just:

• Moja mama daje mi herbatę

And if the subject is already understood, you can even say:

• Daje mi herbatę. = She is giving me tea. / He is giving me tea. / It is giving me tea, depending on context.

This is because the verb form already gives information about the subject:

• daję = I give
• dajesz = you give
• daje = he/she/it gives

So ona is only added when needed for emphasis, contrast, or clarity.