To jest duży supermarket.

Here to means this or it in the sense of identifying something: This is a big supermarket.

In Polish, to is very commonly used in sentences of the pattern:

• To jest... = This is... / That is...

Examples:

• To jest dom. = This is a house.
• To jest Anna. = This is Anna.

A useful thing to remember: in this pattern, to does not change for gender the way adjectives do.

Because to jest... is a fixed and very common way to identify something.

• To jest duży supermarket. = This is a big supermarket.

But ten is used directly with a masculine noun:

• ten supermarket = this supermarket

So you can also say:

• Ten supermarket jest duży. = This supermarket is big.

The difference is:

• To jest duży supermarket. → identifying what something is
• Ten supermarket jest duży. → talking about a specific supermarket

Because Polish adjectives must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case.

Here the noun is supermarket, which is:

• masculine
• singular
• nominative in this sentence

So the adjective must also be masculine singular nominative:

• duży supermarket = big supermarket

Compare:

• duży supermarket = masculine
• duża szkoła = feminine
• duże centrum = neuter
• duże supermarkety = plural

Yes. Supermarket is a loanword used in Polish.

It behaves like a normal masculine noun, so it can be declined:

• supermarket (nominative)
• supermarketu (genitive)
• supermarketem (instrumental)
• supermarkecie (locative)

So although it comes from English, in Polish it functions like an ordinary noun.

Because Polish has no articles. There is no direct equivalent of English a/an or the.

So:

• To jest duży supermarket.

can mean:

• This is a big supermarket and, depending on context,
• This is the big supermarket

Usually the context tells you which meaning is intended.

This is one of the biggest differences for English speakers learning Polish.

In standard, careful Polish, jest is normal here:

• To jest duży supermarket.

In everyday speech, people often omit jest:

• To duży supermarket.

That shorter version is very common and natural in conversation, but for learners it is usually best to learn the full version first.

So:

• To jest duży supermarket. → full, neutral
• To duży supermarket. → more colloquial

Because after to jest in an identifying sentence, Polish normally uses the nominative.

So:

• To jest duży supermarket.

uses nominative:

• supermarket
• duży

This can be confusing because in some other sentences with jest, Polish often uses the instrumental for professions or roles:

• On jest lekarzem. = He is a doctor.

So a useful shortcut is:

• To jest X → often nominative
• On/Ona jest X → often instrumental when saying what someone is

This is a slightly more advanced point, but it is a very common question.

A rough English approximation is DOO-zhih.

Breakdown:

• du- sounds like doo
• ż sounds like the s in measure
• final y is not exactly English ee; it is a harder, shorter vowel sound

So duży is approximately:

• DOO-zhih

Not perfect, but good enough for a beginner.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

To jest duży supermarket.
to yest DOO-zhih SOO-per-mar-ket

A few notes:

• to = toh with a pure o
• jest = yest
• duży = DOO-zhih
• supermarket is pronounced more or less as it looks, but with Polish-style vowels and stress

In Polish, stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable, so:

• superMARKet

Yes, Polish word order is more flexible than English, but the neutral version here is:

• To jest duży supermarket.

That is the safest version for a learner.

If you change the order, the emphasis may change. For example:

• Ten supermarket jest duży. = This supermarket is big.
• Duży supermarket to jest... = much more marked or emphatic
• Supermarket jest duży. = The supermarket is big.

So the original sentence is a good basic pattern for identification:

• To jest + noun phrase

Yes. Polish to jest can translate as this is or that is, depending on context.

For example, if you are pointing at something nearby:

• To jest duży supermarket. = This is a big supermarket.

If you are referring to something farther away or already mentioned, English might use that, but Polish can still use to.

So to is often less strict than English this/that in these identifying sentences.