Babcia podlewa rośliny w doniczkach na parapecie codziennie rano.

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Breakdown of Babcia podlewa rośliny w doniczkach na parapecie codziennie rano.

• na: on
• codziennie: every day
• rano: in the morning

Questions & Answers about Babcia podlewa rośliny w doniczkach na parapecie codziennie rano.

What is podlewa exactly – its base form, tense, and aspect?

Podlewa is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb podlewać (to water).

• Infinitive (imperfective): podlewać – to water (an ongoing or repeated action)
• 3rd person singular present: on/ona/ono podlewa – he/she/it waters / is watering

Polish also has a perfective partner:

• Infinitive (perfective): podlać – to water (once, viewed as a complete action)

Compare:

• Babcia podlewa rośliny… – Grandma waters the plants (habitually, regularly).
• Babcia podlała rośliny… – Grandma watered the plants (once, completed in the past).

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Why is it rośliny and not roślin or roślina?

Rośliny is:

• Number: plural
• Case: accusative
• Gender: feminine
• Dictionary (nominative singular) form: roślina (a plant)

In this sentence the plants are the direct object of podlewa (who/what does she water?), so Polish uses the accusative case.

For many feminine nouns ending in -a, the nominative plural and accusative plural look the same:

• Nominative plural: rośliny – (the) plants (subject)