W sobotę ona odkurza dywan, a ja myję podłogę.

In Polish, days of the week after w (in / on) are usually in the accusative case when you mean “on [this/that] Saturday” or a specific Saturday.

• sobota – nominative (dictionary form)
• sobotę – accusative

So:

• w sobotę = on Saturday
• w niedzielę = on Sunday
• w poniedziałek = on Monday

The preposition w + a point in time like a day → accusative case.
That’s why you say w sobotę, not w sobota.

Yes, you can. Polish is a “pro‑drop” language: subject pronouns are often omitted because verb endings already show who is doing the action.

• odkurza – 3rd person singular (he/she/it)
• myję – 1st person singular (I)

So grammatically you can say:

• W sobotę odkurza dywan, a myję podłogę.

However, adding ona and ja can:

• make the contrast clearer: ona vs ja
• add emphasis: She vacuums the carpet, and I wash the floor.

Both versions are correct; the original sounds slightly more explicit and emphatic.

Polish has two very common ways to say “and”: i and a.

• i – simply adds things together, no contrast

  • Ona odkurza dywan i myję podłogę. (She vacuums the carpet and I wash the floor – just listing actions.)

• a – often introduces a contrast or a change of subject; closer to “and / whereas”

  • Ona odkurza dywan, a ja myję podłogę.
    = She vacuums the carpet, and I (on the other hand) wash the floor.

In this sentence, a highlights the division of labor: she does one task, I do another.

• odkurzać – infinitive, “to vacuum,” “to hoover”
• odkurza – 3rd person singular, present tense: “he/she vacuums,” “he/she is vacuuming”

Conjugation (present tense, imperfective):

• ja: odkurzam
• ty: odkurzasz
• on/ona/ono: odkurza
• my: odkurzamy
• wy: odkurzacie
• oni/one: odkurzają

In the sentence:
ona odkurza dywan = “she vacuums / is vacuuming the carpet.”

The verb myć (to wash) has a stem change in the 1st person singular:

• infinitive: myć
• ja: myję
• ty: myjesz
• on/ona/ono: myje
• my: myjemy
• wy: myjecie
• oni/one: myją

So myję is the regular 1st person form: “I wash / I am washing.”

The spelling -ję reflects the pronunciation: roughly “my‑yeh.” There is no form myam or myę in standard Polish.

This is again about case and gender.

Both dywan (carpet) and podłoga (floor) are direct objects, so they’re in the accusative case.

• dywan – masculine inanimate

  • nominative: dywan
  • accusative: dywan (same form)

• podłoga – feminine

  • nominative: podłoga
  • accusative: podłogę

So:

• odkurza dywan – she vacuums the carpet
• myję podłogę – I wash the floor

The -ę ending is typical for many feminine singular nouns in the accusative.

Yes. Polish word order is relatively flexible, and you can move elements for emphasis or style.

Possible versions:

• W sobotę ona odkurza dywan, a ja myję podłogę.
• Ona w sobotę odkurza dywan, a ja w sobotę myję podłogę.
• Ona odkurza dywan w sobotę, a ja myję podłogę.
• Ona odkurza dywan, a ja podłogę myję. (emphasis on podłogę)

The original W sobotę ona odkurza dywan, a ja myję podłogę is neutral and clear: first, the time, then who does what.

W sobotę by itself usually means “on Saturday” – a specific Saturday (context can make it “this” or “next” Saturday).

To express a regular, repeated action, Polish often uses:

• w soboty – on Saturdays (habitually)
• w każdą sobotę – every Saturday
• w każdą sobotę ona odkurza dywan, a ja myję podłogę – every Saturday she vacuums the carpet and I wash the floor

So:

• W sobotę ona odkurza dywan, a ja myję podłogę.
  → On Saturday she vacuums the carpet and I wash the floor.
• W soboty ona odkurza dywan, a ja myję podłogę.
  → On Saturdays / every Saturday she vacuums the carpet and I wash the floor.

Both verbs here are imperfective:

• odkurzać (imperfective) – odkurza
• myć (imperfective) – myję

Imperfective is used for:

• ongoing actions
• repeated/habitual actions
• general descriptions

The perfective partners are:

• odkurzyć – to vacuum (and finish)
  
  • Ona odkurzy dywan. – She will vacuum (and get it done).
• umyć – to wash (and finish)
  
  • Umyję podłogę. – I will wash (and get the floor clean).

In the present tense, perfective usually refers to future actions, so for a neutral present-time or habitual meaning, odkurza / myję (imperfective) is correct.

• odkurzać – specifically to vacuum / to hoover (using a vacuum cleaner).

  • odkurzać dywan, odkurzać kanapę

• sprzątać – to clean up, to tidy, more general:

  • sprzątać pokój – to clean/tidy the room
  • it can include vacuuming, dusting, putting things away, etc.

So:

• Ona odkurza dywan. – She vacuums the carpet.
• Ona sprząta pokój. – She is cleaning/tidying the room (may or may not involve vacuuming).

Because podłoga is a direct object (“what are you washing?”), so it goes into the accusative case.

• nominative: podłoga – the floor (subject)
• accusative: podłogę – the floor (object)

Compare:

• Podłoga jest czysta. – The floor is clean. (subject → nominative)
• Myję podłogę. – I am washing the floor. (object → accusative)

Using podłoga after myję would be ungrammatical.

The letter ę is a nasal vowel. In modern Polish, at the end of a word it’s often pronounced very close to a normal “e”, sometimes with a slight nasal quality.

So:

• sobotę → roughly so‑BO‑te (lightly nasal “e” or just “e”)
• podłogę → roughly pod‑WAW‑ge (soft “g” as in get, final “e” with slight nasalization)

You don’t pronounce a clear “en” or “em” at the end; it’s not like English “soboten”. It’s more like a plain e with possible light nasal color.

Polish present tense of imperfective verbs can mean:

1. Right now:

   • (Teraz) w sobotę ona odkurza dywan, a ja myję podłogę.
     → (Right now) on Saturday she is vacuuming the carpet and I am washing the floor.

2. A routine / typical situation (especially with a time expression like w sobotę, w soboty, zawsze):

   • W sobotę ona odkurza dywan, a ja myję podłogę.
     → On Saturday she (usually) vacuums the carpet and I (usually) wash the floor.

Context (or extra adverbs like zawsze, zazwyczaj) clarifies whether it’s a one‑time event or a habitual action.