Przycinam łodygę i pęd, a potem przesadzam i nawożę roślinę doniczkową.

They are all 1st person singular present tense, so they mean I trim, I repot/transplant, and I fertilize.

That is why the sentence sounds like someone describing their own actions: I am trimming..., then I am repotting...

Also, in Polish, the present tense of imperfective verbs can describe:

• what you are doing right now
• what you do habitually / as a routine

So the sentence could describe either a current gardening session or a regular task, depending on context.

Because Polish usually does not need subject pronouns when the verb ending already shows who the subject is.

• przycinam = I trim
• przesadzam = I repot
• nawożę = I fertilize

The ending itself already tells you it is I, so ja is normally omitted. You would add ja only for emphasis, contrast, or clarification.

For example:

• Ja przycinam łodygę, a ty podlewasz roślinę.
  I trim the stem, and you water the plant.

Because these nouns are direct objects, so they are in the accusative case.

In Polish, direct objects often change form in the accusative, but the exact change depends on gender.

Here is what happens:

• łodyga is feminine, so accusative singular becomes łodygę
• roślina is feminine, so accusative singular becomes roślinę
• doniczkowa agrees with roślina, so it also changes to doniczkową
• pęd is masculine inanimate, and in the singular its accusative is the same as the nominative, so it stays pęd

So:

• nominative: łodyga, roślina doniczkowa, pęd
• accusative: łodygę, roślinę doniczkową, pęd

Because adjectives in Polish must agree with the noun they describe in:

• gender
• number
• case

Since roślina becomes roślinę in the accusative singular feminine, the adjective doniczkowa must also change to the accusative singular feminine form: doniczkową.

So:

• nominative: roślina doniczkowa
• accusative: roślinę doniczkową

This kind of agreement is a very important part of Polish grammar.

They are related, but not identical.

• łodyga = stem
• pęd = shoot, often a new or growing plant shoot

A łodyga is the main stem structure of a plant. A pęd is more like a growth shoot or sprouting stem, often especially new growth.

In gardening language, the distinction is natural, so trimming both in one sentence sounds normal.

A potem means something like and then / and after that.

In Polish, a is a very common conjunction. It does not always mean a strong contrast like English but. It often simply links one clause to another, especially when moving the story forward or showing a new step.

So here:

• Przycinam łodygę i pęd, a potem... means
• I trim the stem and shoot, and then...

You could sometimes hear i potem, but a potem is extremely natural when describing the next stage in a sequence.

Because a introduces another clause, and in Polish it is normally preceded by a comma.

So the structure is:

• Przycinam łodygę i pęd, a potem przesadzam i nawożę roślinę doniczkową.

This is standard Polish punctuation. English learners sometimes expect fewer commas, but Polish uses them quite regularly before conjunctions such as a, ale, and often others introducing a new clause.

These forms are imperfective:

• przycinać → przycinam
• przesadzać → przesadzam
• nawozić → nawożę

Imperfective verbs are used for:

• ongoing actions
• repeated actions
• general processes
• present tense statements

That is why they work well here. The speaker is describing the process of plant care step by step.

If you wanted to stress completed one-time results, Polish would usually use perfective verbs instead, especially for future or past contexts. In the present tense, perfective verbs normally do not describe an action happening right now.

Because Polish present tense can still describe a sequence of current actions.

The sentence is basically:
I trim the stem and shoot, and then I repot and fertilize the houseplant.

The words a potem make the order clear. Even though the actions are sequential, the speaker is still talking about what they are doing as part of one process.

So this is completely natural Polish:

• first action: przycinam
• next actions: przesadzam i nawożę

Yes, przesadzać can mean to exaggerate, but it also has a plant-related meaning: to transplant / repot.

The context tells you which meaning is intended.

In this sentence, because we have plant vocabulary like:

• łodyga
• pęd
• roślina doniczkowa

the meaning is clearly I repot / transplant.

Compare:

• Przesadzam roślinę. = I’m repotting/transplanting the plant.
• Przesadzasz! = You’re exaggerating!

So it is one Polish verb with different meanings depending on context.

This is a stem alternation that happens in Polish conjugation.

The infinitive is nawozić, but in the 1st person singular present it becomes nawożę. The z changes to ż before the ending.

So:

• nawozić = infinitive
• nawożę = I fertilize
• nawozisz = you fertilize

This kind of consonant change is common in Polish and often just has to be learned as part of the verb’s conjugation pattern.

Yes, Polish word order is fairly flexible, although some orders sound more natural than others.

The original sentence is very neutral and natural:

• Przycinam łodygę i pęd, a potem przesadzam i nawożę roślinę doniczkową.

You could also say:

• A potem przesadzam i nawożę roślinę doniczkową.
• Roślinę doniczkową potem przesadzam i nawożę.

But changing the order usually changes:

• what is emphasized
• what sounds most natural in context

So for a learner, the original version is a very good standard model.

It comes from doniczka, which means flowerpot / plant pot.

So:

• roślina doniczkowa is literally something like pot plant
• in natural English, this is usually houseplant or potted plant

The adjective doniczkowy / doniczkowa / doniczkowe means related to a pot or grown in a pot.

So roślina doniczkowa is not just any plant: it specifically suggests a plant kept in a pot, often indoors.

The letter ę is a nasal vowel, but its actual pronunciation depends on position.

In everyday speech, at the end of a word, ę is often pronounced less nasally than learners expect.

So:

• roślinę
• nawożę

are often pronounced in a way that may sound closer to a plain vowel plus a slight nasal quality, rather than a fully strong nasal sound.

The important beginner point is:

• keep the spelling ę
• recognize that it marks an important grammatical form here, especially the accusative in roślinę and the verb ending in nawożę

Even if your pronunciation is not perfect yet, using the correct form matters most.