Wosk pszczeli, pyłek kwiatowy i propolis są w pasiece.

Because the subject is a list of three things: wosk pszczeli, pyłek kwiatowy i propolis. In Polish, when the subject is plural, you use są (are) rather than jest (is).

• jest = is
• są = are

So:

• Wosk pszczeli jest w pasiece = The beeswax is in the apiary
• Wosk pszczeli, pyłek kwiatowy i propolis są w pasiece = Beeswax, flower pollen, and propolis are in the apiary

Because the preposition w (in) normally requires the locative case when it means location.

The basic form is:

• pasieka = apiary

After w, it changes to:

• w pasiece = in the apiary

So this is a case change:

• nominative: pasieka
• locative: pasiece

This is very common in Polish:

• w domu = in the house
• w szkole = at school / in the school
• w pasiece = in the apiary

Pszczeli is an adjective. It means bee or of bees, depending on context.

So:

• wosk = wax
• pszczeli = bee / related to bees
• wosk pszczeli = beeswax

It agrees with wosk in gender, number, and case.

Here both are masculine singular nominative:

• wosk — masculine singular
• pszczeli — masculine singular form to match it

Both patterns can exist in Polish, but they mean slightly different things or are used in different ways.

Here:

• pyłek kwiatowy is an adjective-based phrase
• literally: flower pollen / floral pollen

This is a very natural way in Polish to form a descriptive noun phrase.

Compare:

• pyłek kwiatowy = flower pollen / floral pollen
• pyłek kwiatów = pollen of flowers

The sentence uses the adjective form, which is very common in Polish.

Yes, propolis is a normal Polish word. It is a borrowing, but it is fully used in Polish.

In this sentence it stays:

• propolis

It is singular and functions as one of the items in the list.

Learners often notice that it looks almost the same as in English, and that is true here.

Polish does not have articles like English a/an and the.

So Polish simply says:

• Wosk pszczeli, pyłek kwiatowy i propolis są w pasiece.

English needs something like:

• The beeswax, flower pollen, and propolis are in the apiary or
• Beeswax, flower pollen, and propolis are in the apiary

In Polish, definiteness is understood from context, not from articles.

I means and. Polish uses it just like English does to join the last item in a list.

So:

• wosk pszczeli, pyłek kwiatowy i propolis = beeswax, flower pollen, and propolis

This is a normal list structure in Polish.

Yes, Polish word order is more flexible than English, because case endings help show grammatical relationships.

The neutral version here is:

• Wosk pszczeli, pyłek kwiatowy i propolis są w pasiece.

But other orders are possible, for example:

• W pasiece są wosk pszczeli, pyłek kwiatowy i propolis.

This version puts more focus on the location first: In the apiary, there are beeswax, flower pollen, and propolis.

Both are grammatical, but the original sentence sounds straightforward and neutral.

They are in the nominative case, because they are the subject of the sentence.

The subject is the thing that is somewhere:

• wosk pszczeli
• pyłek kwiatowy
• propolis

Since these are the things being talked about, they stay in nominative.

Meanwhile, pasiece is in the locative because it comes after w.

So the sentence has:

• nominative for the subject
• locative after the preposition w

No, they are related but different.

• pasieka = apiary, beeyard, a place with beehives
• ul = beehive, a single hive

So:

• w pasiece = in the apiary
• w ulu = in the hive

This is an important vocabulary distinction.

These words can look difficult to English speakers because Polish spelling has many consonant clusters.

A rough guide:

• pszczeli ≈ psHCHE-li
• pasiece ≈ pa-SYE-tse

A bit more carefully:

• pszcz- combines sounds like pshch
• ie often makes the previous consonant softer
• ce at the end is pronounced roughly like tse

You do not need a perfect English approximation, but it helps to recognize these patterns as common in Polish.

Because kwiatowy is an adjective modifying pyłek, and it has to agree with it.

• pyłek is masculine singular nominative
• so the adjective is also masculine singular nominative: kwiatowy

Compare how adjectives change with different nouns:

• pyłek kwiatowy = flower pollen
• herbata kwiatowa = floral tea
• olej kwiatowe would be wrong, because the agreement would not match

Polish adjectives change form to match the noun they describe.

Not normally in this kind of present-tense sentence. Here you need są.

Polish sometimes omits forms of to be in certain contexts, especially in present-tense equational sentences, for example:

• To mój brat. = This is my brother.

But for a sentence meaning X are in Y, the verb is normally expressed:

• ... są w pasiece

So you would not usually drop są here.

Polish can leave that ambiguous unless the context makes it clear.

So this sentence could mean either:

• beeswax, flower pollen, and propolis are in the apiary in general or
• the beeswax, the flower pollen, and the propolis are in the apiary

Because Polish has no articles, context decides whether the meaning is more general or more specific.

Yes, in this sentence they are treated as masculine singular nouns:

• wosk — masculine
• pyłek — masculine
• propolis — masculine

That is why their adjectives also appear in masculine singular forms:

• pszczeli
• kwiatowy

Even though the whole subject is a list and therefore takes the plural verb są, each individual item in the list is singular.