Korttidsmålingen har en kort måleperiode.

Because Norwegian usually writes compound nouns as a single word.

So:

• korttid = short time / short term
• måling = measurement

Together, korttidsmåling means short-term measurement, and korttidsmålingen means the short-term measurement.

This is very normal in Norwegian. Where English often uses several words, Norwegian often combines them into one noun.

The ending -en marks the noun as definite singular for a common-gender noun.

So:

• en korttidsmåling = a short-term measurement
• korttidsmålingen = the short-term measurement

Norwegian often adds definiteness to the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like the.

Here, en is the indefinite article, meaning a.

So:

• en kort måleperiode = a short measurement period

This noun phrase is indefinite because it is describing what the short-term measurement has: it has a short measurement period, not the short measurement period.

Har is the present tense of å ha, which means to have.

So:

• har = has

The sentence structure is very straightforward:

• Korttidsmålingen = the short-term measurement
• har = has
• en kort måleperiode = a short measurement period

So the sentence literally means: The short-term measurement has a short measurement period.

They are related, but they do not mean the same thing.

• måling = measurement
• måleperiode = measurement period / measuring period

In this sentence:

• korttidsmålingen is the measurement itself
• måleperioden would be the length of time during which that measurement is taken

So one is the activity/result, and the other is the time span connected to it.

It is another compound noun:

• måle- = measuring / measurement-related
• periode = period

Together, måleperiode means measurement period or measuring period.

The first part often comes from a verb stem in compounds. Here it comes from å måle = to measure.

Because the two instances of kort describe different things.

• In korttidsmålingen, korttids- describes the type of measurement: it is a short-term measurement
• In en kort måleperiode, kort describes the period itself: it is short

So the repetition is not wrong or strange. It is just expressing two closely connected ideas.

The word order is the normal Norwegian main-clause order:

Subject + verb + object

• Korttidsmålingen = subject
• har = verb
• en kort måleperiode = object

This is very similar to normal English word order: The short-term measurement has a short measurement period.

Because kort is the correct adjective form here.

In Norwegian, adjectives usually agree with the noun in gender, number, and definiteness. Here:

• periode is a common-gender singular noun
• the phrase is indefinite singular
• so the adjective normally appears in its basic form: kort

Compare:

• en kort periode = a short period
• et kort signal = a short signal
• korte perioder = short periods
• den korte perioden = the short period

So en kort måleperiode is the correct form.

It is a common-gender noun in standard Bokmål grammar.

In Bokmål, nouns can be:

• common gender
• neuter

The article en and the definite ending -en show that this noun is common gender:

• en korttidsmåling
• korttidsmålingen

Some nouns in Norwegian can also be treated as feminine in certain styles, but here the form given is clearly the common-gender form.

Yes. The s is a linking s used inside compounds.

The word is built like this:

• korttid
• s
• måling
• en

This linking s does not have a separate meaning by itself. It just helps connect parts of a compound, and it is very common in Norwegian.

English learners often notice this because English compounds do not work in exactly the same way.

It would be:

En korttidsmåling har en kort måleperiode.

That means: A short-term measurement has a short measurement period.

Compare:

• Korttidsmålingen = the short-term measurement
• En korttidsmåling = a short-term measurement

So the original sentence uses a definite subject, while this version uses an indefinite one.

No. Norwegian nouns are not normally capitalized.

In this sentence, Korttidsmålingen starts with a capital letter only because it is the first word of the sentence.

If it appeared in the middle of a sentence, it would normally be written with a lowercase letter: korttidsmålingen.