Avgangstavlen viser innstillingen.

Because Norwegian, like English, often makes compound nouns by joining words together.

Here:

• avgang = departure
• tavle = board/display

So avgangstavle means departure board.

This is very common in Norwegian:

• togstasjon = train station
• billettautomat = ticket machine
• bussholdeplass = bus stop

English sometimes writes similar ideas as two words, but Norwegian very often prefers one compound word.

The -en makes the noun definite singular, like the in English.

So:

• ei/en avgangstavle = a departure board
• avgangstavlen = the departure board

Norwegian usually puts the idea of the at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word.

For the same reason: it is also definite singular.

• en innstilling = a cancellation / an adjustment / a setting, depending on context
• innstillingen = the cancellation / the adjustment / the setting

So both main nouns in the sentence are definite:

• avgangstavlen = the departure board
• innstillingen = the cancellation

Yes, innstilling has several meanings in Norwegian. Common ones include:

• cancellation (especially in travel/transport contexts)
• setting/adjustment
• attitude/disposition
• recommendation in some formal contexts

In this sentence, because the subject is the departure board, the natural meaning is cancellation. Context is very important with this word.

Viser is the present tense of vise.

• å vise = to show
• viser = shows / is showing

So:

• Avgangstavlen viser innstillingen = The departure board shows the cancellation

In Norwegian, the present tense is often made by adding -r to the infinitive:

• å komme → kommer
• å vente → venter
• å vise → viser

Yes. This is standard subject–verb–object order:

• Avgangstavlen = subject
• viser = verb
• innstillingen = object

So it matches normal English order quite closely:

• The departure board
  • shows
    • the cancellation

That makes this sentence structurally quite straightforward for an English speaker.

Because in Norwegian, the definite article is usually attached to the noun itself.

So instead of saying:

• the board
• the cancellation

Norwegian usually says:

• tavlen
• innstillingen

A separate word like den is used in some other structures, especially with adjectives:

• tavlen = the board
• den store tavlen = the big board

So in your sentence, no separate the-word is needed.

Often, yes.

For many feminine nouns in Bokmål, you may see two definite singular forms:

• avgangstavlen
• avgangstavla

Both can be correct, depending on style and dialect preferences.

Why? Because many feminine nouns in Bokmål can either:

• take feminine forms, or
• be treated like masculine nouns

So:

• ei tavle / tavla
• en tavle / tavlen

Learners will often see both. Avgangstavlen may look a bit more formal or conservative, while avgangstavla may sound more natural to many speakers.

Traditionally, tavle is a feminine noun, so you can say:

• ei tavle
• tavla

But in Bokmål, many feminine nouns can also be used as masculine:

• en tavle
• tavlen

That is why avgangstavlen is possible even though tavle is basically feminine.

This is something English speakers often notice: grammatical gender in Norwegian is real, but Bokmål gives some flexibility with many feminine nouns.

It would be:

• En avgangstavle viser en innstilling.

That means A departure board shows a cancellation.

Compare:

• Avgangstavlen viser innstillingen. = The departure board shows the cancellation.
• En avgangstavle viser en innstilling. = A departure board shows a cancellation.

So the main change is:

• en for indefinite singular
• -en attached to the noun for definite singular

A rough guide is:

AHV-gahngs-tahv-len

A few helpful points:

• avgang has stress on the second syllable: -gang
• tavle has a clear v sound
• the final -en is usually unstressed

If you are learning pronunciation, it may help to hear how Norwegian compounds are spoken as one rhythm group rather than as two separate words.