November kommer etter oktober.

In Norwegian, month names are normally written with a lowercase letter.

So in the sentence:

November kommer etter oktober.

November is capitalized only because it is the first word of the sentence. If it appeared later, it would usually be written november.

For example:

Oktober kommer før november.

Kommer is the present tense of å komme, which usually means to come.

Here, it is used in a very natural way to talk about sequence:

• november kommer etter oktober = November comes after October

So it does not mean physical movement here. It means comes next in order.

Etter means after.

So:

• etter oktober = after October

This is the normal preposition to use when talking about time or order in this kind of sentence.

A useful opposite is før, meaning before:

• Oktober kommer før november.

Yes, people would understand it, but November kommer etter oktober is the more natural phrasing when talking about the order of months.

Compare:

• November kommer etter oktober = the normal, idiomatic way
• November er etter oktober = understandable, but less natural in this context

Using kommer sounds more like how Norwegians usually express this idea.

The dictionary form is å komme.

Some common forms are:

• å komme = to come
• kommer = come / comes
• kom = came
• har kommet = have/has come

In your sentence, kommer is present tense.

Month names are usually used without an article.

So Norwegian says:

• november
• oktober

not something like the November or the October in this kind of sentence.

That is similar to English, where we also normally say November and October with no article.

The basic word order here is:

Subject + Verb + Prepositional phrase

• November = subject
• kommer = verb
• etter oktober = prepositional phrase

So:

November kommer etter oktober.

But Norwegian also allows other word orders when you move something to the front. For example:

Etter oktober kommer november.

That is also correct. Notice that when Etter oktober comes first, the verb kommer still stays in the second position. This is a very important Norwegian word order pattern.

A simple English-style approximation is:

no-VEM-ber KOM-er ET-er ok-TO-ber

A few helpful notes:

• r is pronounced more clearly than in many English accents
• kommer has a short o
• etter has a short e
• oktober is stressed on TO

You do not need to pronounce it exactly like English November and October. The Norwegian versions sound a bit different.

Yes, it is completely natural and correct.

It is a simple sentence that a learner might use to talk about the order of the months, and a native speaker would understand it immediately.

Yes. You can use exactly the same pattern with any months:

• Januar kommer før februar.
• Mars kommer etter februar.
• Desember kommer etter november.

So the pattern is:

[month] + kommer + etter/før + [month]

A natural opposite would be:

Oktober kommer før november.

Here, før means before.

So:

• etter = after
• før = before

These two are very useful words when talking about time and sequence.