Egenredningen tar tid.

Because Norwegian very often makes compound nouns by joining words together.

Here, egenredning is made from:

• egen = own / self-
• redning = rescue

So egenredning means something like self-rescue or one’s own rescue.

Then -en is added to make it definite, giving egenredningen = the self-rescue / the rescue of oneself, depending on context.

The -en is the definite ending for many masculine nouns in Norwegian Bokmål.

So:

• en egenredning = a self-rescue
• egenredningen = the self-rescue

This is one of the big differences from English: Norwegian often puts the at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word.

Egenredning is typically treated as a feminine noun, but in Bokmål many feminine nouns can also be used as masculine.

So you may see:

• ei egenredning / egenredninga
  or
• en egenredning / egenredningen

In this sentence, egenredningen uses the masculine/common-gender definite form, which is very normal in Bokmål.

Because Norwegian verbs do not change form depending on the subject the way English verbs do.

In English:

• I take
• it takes

In Norwegian:

• jeg tar
• den tar
• egenredningen tar

The verb stays the same. So tar works for all persons and numbers in the present tense.

Because tid here is being used in a general, uncountable sense: time as a concept, not a time or the time.

So tar tid is a very common expression meaning:

• takes time

Compare:

• Det tar tid. = It takes time.
• Egenredningen tar tid. = Self-rescue takes time.

You would not normally say tar en tid here.

Yes, very much so. Å ta tid is a common Norwegian expression meaning to take time.

Examples:

• Det tar tid å lære norsk. = It takes time to learn Norwegian.
• Arbeidet tar tid. = The work takes time.

So in your sentence, tar tid is a natural everyday phrase.

This is the normal Norwegian word order for a simple statement:

• subject + verb + object/complement

So:

• Egenredningen = subject
• tar = verb
• tid = complement/object-like element in the expression

It matches English quite closely here:

• Self-rescue takes time.

Yes, but the nuance may change a little.

• Egenredning tar tid = self-rescue takes time (more general)
• Egenredningen tar tid = the self-rescue takes time / self-rescue takes time (possibly referring to a specific process already understood from context)

In real Norwegian, both can be possible depending on context. The definite form often appears when the noun refers to something specific or already known in the situation.

A rough guide is:

• egen ≈ AY-gen
• redningen ≈ RED-ning-en

Put together: AY-gen-red-ning-en

A few helpful points:

• g in egen is pronounced
• ng in redning has the usual ng sound
• the definite ending -en is usually lightly pronounced

The exact pronunciation depends somewhat on dialect, but that rough version will help.

This sentence is Bokmål.

A likely Nynorsk version would be:

• Eigenredninga tek tid.

Differences:

• egen → eigen
• tar → tek
• -en definite ending may become -a for a feminine noun

So Egenredningen tar tid. is clearly natural Bokmål.