Bilderammen har en skramme.

Because Norwegian often makes compound nouns by joining words together.

• bilde = picture
• ramme = frame
• bilderamme = picture frame

Then, to make it definite (the picture frame), Norwegian adds the definite ending to the noun:

• en bilderamme = a picture frame
• bilderammen = the picture frame

So bilderammen is not random; it is:

• bilderamme
  • -n / -en = bilderammen

In Norwegian, the is usually attached to the end of the noun instead of standing as a separate word.

Compare:

• en skramme = a scratch
• skrammen = the scratch

And:

• en bilderamme = a picture frame
• bilderammen = the picture frame

So English uses a separate word:

• the picture frame

But Norwegian usually uses an ending:

• bilderammen

Har means has.

It is the present tense of å ha = to have.

Examples:

• Jeg har = I have
• Du har = you have
• Bilderammen har en skramme = the picture frame has a scratch

Unlike English, Norwegian does not change the present-tense verb for different subjects:

• jeg har
• du har
• han har
• vi har

It stays har.

Skramme usually means something like:

• scratch
• scrape
• sometimes scuff

It refers to minor surface damage. In this sentence, en skramme is most naturally understood as a scratch or a scuff mark on the frame.

So:

• Bilderammen har en skramme = the picture frame has a scratch

Skramme is a noun that can be treated as feminine in Norwegian, but in Bokmål, many feminine nouns can also take the common-gender article en.

So in Bokmål, both of these may be possible depending on style:

• en skramme
• ei skramme

And the definite forms can be:

• skrammen
• skramma

In many learning materials, you will often see en used more broadly because it works for many feminine nouns in Bokmål.

So en skramme is perfectly normal Bokmål.

Yes, in this sentence the word order is basically the same as English:

• Bilderammen = subject
• har = verb
• en skramme = object

So it follows a simple pattern:

• Subject + Verb + Object

That is why it maps neatly onto:

• The picture frame has a scratch

This is because Norwegian nouns change form depending on whether they are indefinite or definite.

For this noun:

• en bilderamme = a picture frame
• bilderammen = the picture frame

What changes?

1. The article en disappears.
2. The noun gets a definite ending, here -en.

This is very common in Norwegian:

• en bil = a car

• bilen = the car

• en stol = a chair

• stolen = the chair

• en bilderamme = a picture frame
• bilderammen = the picture frame

Unfortunately, noun gender in Norwegian often has to be learned with the noun.

You learn:

• en bilderamme
• en/ei skramme

A good habit is to memorize nouns together with their article:

• en bil
• ei bok
• et hus
• en bilderamme

That makes it easier to form both the indefinite and definite versions correctly later.

If you want to say A picture frame has a scratch, you would usually say:

• En bilderamme har en skramme.

Compare:

• Bilderammen har en skramme. = The picture frame has a scratch.
• En bilderamme har en skramme. = A picture frame has a scratch.

So the only change is at the start:

• bilderammen → en bilderamme

Yes, in many varieties of Bokmål, that is also possible.

That version uses feminine forms:

• bilderamma = the picture frame
• ei skramme = a scratch

So these can both be acceptable in Bokmål, depending on style:

• Bilderammen har en skramme.
• Bilderamma har ei skramme.

The sentence you were given uses the more common en-style forms that learners often meet first.

A rough English-friendly guide would be:

• BIL-de-ram-men har en SKRAM-me

A few notes:

• bild- sounds roughly like bild
• -e- in bilde is a weak unstressed vowel
• rammen has stress on RAM
• skramme has stress on SKRAM
• the r is Norwegian, so it may sound different from an English r

A rough approximation:

• BIL-de-ram-men har en SKRAHM-me

This is only approximate, but it can help at the beginning.

Yes. Using har with a noun is very common in Norwegian for describing features, conditions, or damage.

Examples:

• Bilen har en ripe. = The car has a scratch.
• Vegggen har en sprekk. = The wall has a crack.
• Bilderammen har en skramme. = The picture frame has a scratch.

So this sentence sounds natural and idiomatic.