Semalam, saya terjatuh ketika berjoging, jadi siku dan lutut saya luka.

Malay often puts a time word at the start of the sentence to set the scene. Semalam means yesterday here, so Semalam, saya terjatuh... is a very natural way to say Yesterday, I fell...

Also, semalam can sometimes mean last night depending on context, but in this sentence it is most naturally understood as yesterday.

Jatuh means to fall.

Terjatuh means to accidentally fall or to end up falling. The prefix ter- often gives the idea that something happened unintentionally.

So:

• saya jatuh = I fell
• saya terjatuh = I accidentally fell

In this sentence, terjatuh sounds more natural because falling while jogging is usually not something you do on purpose.

In this sentence, ter- shows that the action happened accidentally or without intention.

So terjatuh is not just fall but more like:

• accidentally fell
• ended up falling

This is a very common use of ter- in Malay.

Here, ketika means when or while.

So ketika berjoging means while jogging.

It introduces the time or situation in which the falling happened:

• saya terjatuh ketika berjoging = I fell while jogging

Other words can also be used in similar ways, such as semasa or sometimes waktu, but ketika is perfectly natural here.

The prefix ber- often forms an intransitive verb, especially for actions a person does.

So:

• joging = jogging, the activity itself
• berjoging = to jog / to be jogging

In this sentence, berjoging means jogging as an action being done by the speaker.

Yes. Joging is a Malay borrowing from English jogging, but it is spelled in the standard Malay way as joging.

So berjoging is a normal Malay verb meaning to jog.

Jadi can mean different things depending on context.

Two common meanings are:

• to become
• so / therefore / as a result

In this sentence, it means so or as a result:

• ..., jadi siku dan lutut saya luka.
• ..., so my elbows and knees were injured.

So here jadi connects cause and result.

In Malay, possession usually comes after the noun.

So:

• siku saya = my elbow
• lutut saya = my knee

When there is more than one noun, the possessor can come after the whole group:

• siku dan lutut saya = my elbows and knees

This is normal Malay word order.

Malay nouns usually do not have to mark singular vs. plural as clearly as English does.

So siku dan lutut saya could mean:

• my elbow and knee
• my elbows and knees

The exact number depends on context. In this sentence, English might naturally say my elbows and knees or my elbow and knee, depending on what the speaker means. Malay leaves that more open unless the speaker adds extra words.

Yes, it could.

• siku dan lutut saya = natural and efficient
• siku saya dan lutut saya = also correct, but a bit more explicit

Malay often avoids repeating the possessor when it is already clear.

Luka can refer to an injury, wound, cut, or scrape.

In this sentence, it means that the elbows and knees were injured or scraped after the fall.

So siku dan lutut saya luka can be understood as:

• my elbows and knees were injured
• my elbows and knees got scraped up
• my elbows and knees were wounded

The most natural English translation depends on the context.

Malay words are often flexible, and luka is a good example.

It can function like:

• a noun: a wound
• an adjective-like predicate: injured / wounded
• sometimes a verb-like predicate in context

In siku dan lutut saya luka, it works like a predicate meaning are injured / got wounded.

Malay often does this without using a word equivalent to are.

Malay usually does not use a verb like to be in simple sentences of this kind.

So where English says:

• My elbows and knees are injured

Malay simply says:

• Siku dan lutut saya luka

This is a very common feature of Malay grammar.

Yes. Some possible alternatives are:

• semasa berjoging
• waktu berjoging

These are similar in meaning to while jogging.

However, ketika berjoging is already natural and correct.

Yes. For example:

• Semalam saya jatuh semasa berjoging, jadi siku dan lutut saya luka.
• Semalam, saya jatuh ketika berjoging, jadi siku dan lutut saya luka.

These are slightly simpler because jatuh is more basic than terjatuh.

But terjatuh is a nice choice because it emphasizes that the fall was accidental.

The comma is helpful, but in casual writing it is not always strictly necessary.

• Semalam, saya terjatuh ketika berjoging, jadi siku dan lutut saya luka.
• Semalam saya terjatuh ketika berjoging, jadi siku dan lutut saya luka.

Both are understandable. The comma after Semalam simply marks the time phrase more clearly.

The comma before jadi is also useful because it separates the cause from the result.