Saya sedar kelas itu kosong.

I realize the class is empty.

Breakdown of Saya sedar kelas itu kosong.

• saya: I
• adalah: to be
• itu: that
• kelas: the class
• kosong: empty
• sedar: to realize

Questions & Answers about Saya sedar kelas itu kosong.

What does sedar mean in this sentence, and why doesn’t it change form to express tense?

In Saya sedar kelas itu kosong, the verb sedar means “to realize” or “to become aware of.” Malay verbs do not conjugate for tense; instead, the timing of the action is understood through context or additional time indicators.

Why is there no word equivalent to “that” before kelas itu kosong?

Malay sentences often omit conjunctions like “that” because the relationship between the main verb and its complement is clear from context. In this sentence, kelas itu kosong is understood as the clause that sedar is referring to without needing an extra word.

What is the function of kelas itu in the sentence?

Kelas itu functions as a noun phrase referring to “the class” or “that class.” The demonstrative itu specifies which class is being mentioned, effectively serving the role that the definite article “the” plays in English.

How is the state expressed in kelas itu kosong without using a linking verb like “is”?

Malay often omits the equivalent of the English verb “to be” in simple equational sentences. Here, kosong follows kelas itu directly to describe its state, so there is no need for an explicit linking verb.

Can sedar imply both a sudden realization and a continuous state of awareness?

Yes, sedar can be used to indicate a sudden moment of realization as well as an ongoing state of awareness. The precise interpretation depends on context; in this sentence, it most likely refers to the moment the speaker became aware that the class was empty.

Why doesn’t the sentence include articles like “the” before the noun kelas?

Malay does not have articles equivalent to “the” or “a/an.” Instead, demonstrative words like itu are used to provide specificity, as seen in kelas itu.