Learn Hardcore Malay: Saya fikir hujan akan turun petang ini, jadi bawalah payung apabila keluar. - I think it will rain this afternoon, so bring an umbrella when you go out.

It means "I think." Here, "saya" is the pronoun "I" and "fikir" means "think." This part of the sentence expresses the speaker’s opinion.

How is future tense indicated in the phrase "hujan akan turun"?

The word "akan" functions as a future tense marker in Malay. When placed before the verb, as in "turun" (which means "fall"), it signals that the action will occur in the future—so "hujan akan turun" translates to "it will rain."

What does "petang ini" translate to, and what are the meanings of its components?

"Petang" means "afternoon" and "ini" means "this." Together, "petang ini" translates to "this afternoon."

What role does the word "jadi" play in this sentence?

"Jadi" serves as a conjunction meaning "so" or "therefore." It connects the speaker’s thought about the weather with the following instruction, showing a cause-and-effect relationship.

Why is the verb "bawa" modified to "bawalah" in the command?

In Malay, adding "-lah" to a verb (as in "bawalah") is used to form an imperative or command in a polite manner. Here, it instructs someone to "bring" an umbrella.

What does "apabila keluar" mean, and why is the subject not explicitly mentioned?

"Apabila" means "when," and "keluar" means "go out." Together, they mean "when you go out." In Malay, the subject (in this case, "you") is often omitted when it is clear from the context, especially in commands and instructions.

How does this sentence demonstrate a cause and effect relationship?

The sentence first states a prediction ("I think it will rain this afternoon") and then provides advice ("so bring an umbrella when you go out"). The conjunction "jadi" (meaning "so") clearly shows that the expectation of rain is the reason for the suggestion to bring an umbrella.

Can you explain the overall structure of this sentence?

Certainly. The sentence is composed of two main parts joined by the conjunction "jadi." The first part ("Saya fikir hujan akan turun petang ini") expresses the speaker’s thought or prediction about the weather. The second part ("bawalah payung apabila keluar") is an imperative advising the listener to take action based on that prediction. This structure neatly links a belief with a recommended action.