Magistra discipulae tabulam dat, ut in ea clare scribat.

• magistra = nominative singular
  It is the subject: the teacher is the one doing the giving.

• discipulae = dative singular
  It is the indirect object: the student is the one to whom something is given.

• tabulam = accusative singular
  It is the direct object: the tablet is the thing being given.

A very common pattern in Latin is:

someone + someone-to-whom + thing + gives

So here:

• magistra = giver
• discipulae = recipient
• tabulam = thing given

Yes, discipulae can have several possible forms depending on context:

• dative singular = to/for the student
• genitive singular = of the student
• nominative plural = the students

But here the verb dat (gives) strongly points to a dative of indirect object, because dare often takes:

• a direct object = the thing given
• a dative = the person receiving it

So magistra discipulae tabulam dat means: The teacher gives a tablet to the student.

Because it is the direct object of dat.

The verb dare means to give, and the thing being given is put in the accusative.
So:

• tabula = a tablet
• tabulam = a tablet / the tablet as direct object

In other words, the teacher is giving the tablet, so tabulam must be accusative.

Here ut means so that or in order that.

It introduces a purpose clause:

• Magistra discipulae tabulam dat = The teacher gives the student a tablet
• ut in ea clare scribat = so that she may write clearly on it

So the second part explains the purpose of giving the tablet.

This is a very important Latin pattern:

ut + subjunctive = purpose clause

Because it is inside an ut-purpose clause.

Latin normally uses:

• ut + subjunctive for positive purpose: so that / in order that
• ne + subjunctive for negative purpose: so that ... not

So:

• scribit = she writes / is writing (indicative)
• scribat = that she may write / so that she might write (subjunctive)

In this sentence, the writing is not just being stated as a fact. It is the purpose for which the tablet is given.

The subject is understood, not stated directly.

From the sense of the sentence, the most natural subject is discipula:

• The teacher gives the student a tablet
• so that the student may write on it clearly

Latin often leaves out subject pronouns when they are understood from context.

So scribat means he/she may write, and here context tells us it is she, namely the student.

scribat is:

• from scribere = to write
• present subjunctive active
• 3rd person singular

That means it can mean:

• he may write
• she may write
• it may write

The ending -at is a clue for 3rd person singular present subjunctive in a 3rd-conjugation verb like scribere.

Compare:

• scribit = she writes (indicative)
• scribat = that she may write / so that she may write (subjunctive)

in ea means on it or in it, depending on context.
Here, with tabula (tablet/writing tablet), the natural sense is on it.

The form ea is ablative singular feminine, because:

• in + ablative = location: in/on
• in + accusative = motion into/onto

So:

• in ea = on it / in it (location)
• in eam would suggest motion onto it / into it

Since the student is writing on the tablet, not moving into it, Latin uses in ea.

ea refers back to tabulam.

The pronoun comes from is, ea, id and must agree with what it refers to in:

• gender
• number

Since tabula is:

• feminine
• singular

the pronoun is also feminine singular.

Its case is ablative because of the preposition in:

• tabulam = accusative, because it is the direct object of dat
• ea = ablative, because it follows in meaning location

So the pronoun changes case depending on its job in the sentence.

clare is an adverb, from clarus.

It means something like:

• clearly
• plainly
• sometimes neatly or legibly, depending on context

It modifies scribat, not dat.
So it tells us how the student is supposed to write.

Structure:

• scribat = may write
• clare scribat = may write clearly

Latin word order is much freer than English word order, because the endings show the grammar.

This sentence is:

Magistra discipulae tabulam dat, ut in ea clare scribat.

A different order could still mean the same thing, for example:

• Magistra tabulam discipulae dat...
• Tabulam magistra discipulae dat...

The cases tell you who is doing what:

• magistra = subject
• discipulae = indirect object
• tabulam = direct object

So Latin word order often reflects emphasis or style, not basic grammatical function.

Yes. A very literal translation would be:

The teacher gives the student a tablet, so that she may write clearly on it.

In smoother English, you might also say:

• ...in order that she may write clearly on it
• ...so that she can write clearly on it

All of those represent the same Latin structure.

English often says:

• The teacher gives the student a tablet to write on.

Latin usually does not express this kind of purpose with a simple infinitive in the same way. Instead, Latin commonly uses a purpose clause:

ut + subjunctive

So where English may use:

• to write

Latin often prefers:

• ut ... scribat = so that ... she may write

This is one of the big differences between English and Latin syntax.

Yes. dat is:

• from dare = to give
• 3rd person singular present active indicative

It means:

• he gives
• she gives
• it gives

Here it is she gives, because the subject is magistra.

Also, dare is a very common verb that often takes:

1. a direct object in the accusative
2. an indirect object in the dative

That pattern appears clearly here:

• tabulam = what is given
• discipulae = to whom it is given

Yes, in meaning, absolutely.

Even though discipulae is grammatically the indirect object in the main clause, it is still the most natural understood subject of scribat in the purpose clause.

So the sentence works like this:

• In the main clause: discipulae = to the student
• In the purpose clause: the understood subject is the student

Latin does not need to repeat discipula in nominative form if the meaning is already clear from context.

So the idea is: The teacher gives the student a tablet so that the student may write clearly on it.