Cohors ante portam stat, et centurio eam sine clamore regit.

Cohors is the subject of stat because it is the thing doing the action: the cohort stands.

It is in the nominative singular.
The dictionary form is cohors, cohortis = cohort. This is a third-declension noun, so its nominative singular does not end in -a or -us the way many beginners expect.

You can also tell it is singular because the verb stat is singular: he/she/it stands.

Stat literally means stands. In a military context, it often means something like:

• stands
• is standing
• is stationed
• holds position

So this is not just physical standing upright in a casual sense; it can suggest that the cohort is positioned or posted in front of the gate.

Because ante takes the accusative case.

So:

• porta = nominative or ablative singular
• portam = accusative singular

After ante, Latin uses the accusative, so ante portam means before/in front of the gate.

Unlike some other Latin prepositions that can take different cases with different meanings, ante regularly takes the accusative.

Here it means in front of the gate in place.

Although ante can sometimes refer to time (before), the context here is clearly spatial:

• Cohors ante portam stat = The cohort stands in front of the gate

So the gate is the location near which the cohort is stationed.

Centurio is the subject of regit, so it is in the nominative singular.

It means centurion.

In the second clause:

• centurio = the centurion
• eam = it/her
• regit = directs/commands

So centurio is the one performing the action of commanding or directing.

Eam refers back to cohors.

Since cohors is:

• feminine
• singular

the pronoun referring to it must also be:

• feminine
• singular

So:

• eam = her or it in the accusative singular

In natural English, since a cohort is a military unit, we usually translate it as it rather than her:

• the centurion commands it

Because Latin uses grammatical gender, not just natural gender.

The noun cohors is grammatically feminine, so any pronoun referring to it must also be feminine in Latin:

• cohors → feminine
• eam → feminine accusative singular

English usually treats things like military units as it, but Latin still follows the noun’s grammatical gender.

Because it is the direct object of regit.

The verb rego, regere means to direct, rule, guide, command, and it takes a direct object in the accusative.

So:

• centurio = subject
• eam = direct object
• regit = verb

The centurion is commanding the cohort, so eam must be accusative.

Sine clamore means without shouting, without noise, or without an outcry.

The preposition sine takes the ablative case, so:

• clamor = shout, noise, uproar
• clamore = ablative singular

Thus:

• sine clamore = without noise/shouting

All are possible depending on context.

Clamor can mean:

• shouting
• noise
• uproar
• outcry

In this sentence, without shouting or without noise both work well. A military context may suggest disciplined silence, so without shouting is often a good choice.

Because Classical Latin has no articles.

So:

• cohors can mean a cohort or the cohort
• portam can mean a gate or the gate
• centurio can mean a centurion or the centurion

The context tells you which is more natural in English. In this sentence, English usually prefers:

• The cohort stands before the gate, and the centurion commands it without shouting.

Latin word order is more flexible than English word order because the endings show each word’s role.

This sentence is:

• Cohors ante portam stat
• et centurio eam sine clamore regit

A very literal order is:

• The cohort before the gate stands, and the centurion it without shouting commands.

That sounds awkward in English, but it is normal in Latin.

The verbs stat and regit come at the ends of their clauses, which is a very common Latin pattern.

Yes, often it could.

For example, Latin could rearrange some elements without changing the basic meaning, because case endings still show who is doing what. For instance, something like Centurio eam sine clamore regit could also appear as Eam centurio sine clamore regit.

However, different orders can change emphasis:

• putting a word earlier can highlight it
• putting the verb last can give a neat, finished feel

So word order in Latin is flexible, but not random.

They are:

• cohors, cohortis (f.) = cohort
• ante = before, in front of
• porta, portae (f.) = gate
• sto, stare, steti = stand
• et = and
• centurio, centurionis (m.) = centurion
• is, ea, id = he/she/it; that
• sine = without
• clamor, clamoris (m.) = shout, noise, uproar
• rego, regere, rexi, rectum = guide, direct, rule, command

Knowing the dictionary form helps you recognize how the sentence forms are working grammatically.

Regit is:

• third person
• singular
• present tense
• active voice

from rego, regere.

So it means:

• he directs
• she directs
• it directs

In this sentence, the subject is centurio, so the meaning is:

• the centurion commands/directs

The singular ending -t is a very common present-tense marker in Latin for he/she/it.