Quaecumque discipula particeps lectionis est, ea facilius sensum novi auctoris intellegit.

Quaecumque is the feminine nominative singular form of quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque.

It means something like:

• whoever
• any ... who
• every ... that

Here it refers to discipula, so it means any female student who or whoever is a female student who.

The ending is feminine singular because it agrees with discipula.

Also, the -cumque part adds the idea of ever or any ... at all.

They form a very common Latin pattern:

• quaecumque ... ea ...
• whoever ... that person ...

So the sentence is structured like this:

• Quaecumque discipula particeps lectionis est = any student who takes part in the lesson
• ea ... intellegit = that student understands ...

Latin often uses this kind of resumptive word in the main clause. English often does not need it, or translates it simply as she or leaves it implied.

Discipula is nominative singular because it is the subject of est in the first clause.

It is also the person being picked up again by ea in the second clause.

So grammatically:

• quaecumque discipula ... est = whatever student ... is
• ea ... intellegit = she / that student understands

It is singular because the sentence is talking about any one student taken individually, not a group all at once.

Particeps is a third-declension word that can function as an adjective or as a noun.

Here, with est, it is a predicate complement:

• particeps est = is a participant / takes part

A useful thing to notice is that particeps has the same nominative singular form for masculine and feminine, so it fits easily with discipula.

Because particeps commonly takes the genitive of the thing shared in or participated in.

So:

• particeps lectionis = participant in the lesson/reading

Literally, it is something like sharing in the lesson.

This is one of those constructions that English speakers simply have to learn as part of the vocabulary and syntax of particeps.

Latin certainly can leave the subject unspoken, but here ea is useful because it clearly points back to quaecumque discipula.

So ea means:

• that one
• she
• that student

It is the nominative singular feminine form of is, ea, id.

Its job here is to resume the subject after the relative clause and make the sentence neatly balanced.

Facilius is a comparative adverb meaning more easily.

It modifies the verb intellegit, not the noun sensum.

So the idea is:

• ea facilius ... intellegit = she understands ... more easily

A beginner may notice that facilius looks like a neuter adjective form. That is normal: comparative adverbs often have the same form as the neuter nominative/accusative singular of the comparative adjective.

But in this sentence it is clearly adverbial because it describes how she understands.

Break it into two parts:

• sensum = accusative singular, the direct object of intellegit
• novi auctoris = genitive singular, depending on sensum

So:

• sensum intellegit = understands the meaning/sense
• sensum novi auctoris = understands the meaning/sense of a new author

Also, novi here is not the verb novi. It is the genitive singular of the adjective novus, agreeing with auctoris.

So:

• novi auctoris = of a new author

Because Latin does not have articles.

That means words like discipula, lectio, and auctor can be understood as:

• a student or the student
• a lesson or the lesson
• a new author or the new author

Context tells you which is most natural.

So English has to add articles when translating, but Latin does not need them.

Yes, but it is perfectly normal Latin.

The order is roughly:

• relative clause first: Quaecumque discipula particeps lectionis est
• then the resumptive subject: ea
• then the adverb: facilius
• then the object phrase: sensum novi auctoris
• then the verb at the end: intellegit

Latin word order is flexible because the endings show the grammatical relationships.

Putting the relative clause first makes the statement feel general:

• Any student who takes part in the lesson — that student understands more easily ...

That is a very Latin way of organizing the thought.