Magistra discipulos monet ne verba nova neglegant.

Magistra is the subject of the main verb monet, so it appears in the nominative singular.

• magistra = teacher (female)
• nominative is the case used for the person doing the action

So magistra is the one who is doing the warning.

Discipulos is the direct object of monet.

The verb moneo often means warn, advise, remind, and the person being warned is put in the accusative:

• magistra discipulos monet = the teacher warns the students

So discipulos is accusative plural because they are the people receiving the warning.

Monet is:

• 3rd person singular
• present tense
• active voice
• indicative mood

It comes from moneo, monere.

So monet means she warns, she advises, or she reminds, depending on context.

Because the subject is magistra, the form is singular: the teacher warns.

After verbs like warn, advise, or tell, Latin often uses ne + subjunctive for a negative command or negative indirect command.

So:

• monet ne ... = warns ... not to ...

In this sentence:

• ne verba nova neglegant = that they should not neglect the new words

This is a very common Latin pattern.

Because after monet ne, Latin normally uses the subjunctive, not the indicative.

So:

• neglegunt = they neglect or they are neglecting as a plain statement
• neglegant = that they not neglect in a clause depending on monet

Here the teacher is not simply stating that they neglect the words. She is warning them not to do so. That is why Latin uses the subjunctive.

The subject of neglegant is understood to be the students.

Even though discipulos is accusative in the main clause, it is still the people being talked about in the ne clause. Latin does not need to repeat a separate word for they here.

So the sense is:

• The teacher warns the students [that they should] not neglect the new words.

The -ant ending in neglegant shows that the understood subject is 3rd person plural: they.

Verba nova is accusative plural neuter.

Here is why:

• verbum is a neuter noun
• its accusative plural is verba
• the adjective novus, nova, novum must agree with the noun in gender, number, and case
• so nova must also be neuter plural accusative

Therefore:

• verba nova = new words

Also, because verbum is neuter, its nominative plural and accusative plural are both verba. That is a very common neuter pattern in Latin.

Yes, here verba means words.

The singular noun is verbum, which basically means word. In grammatical terminology, verbum can also be used for verb, which is why it may look confusing to an English speaker.

But in this sentence, verba nova neglegant clearly means neglect the new words, not neglect the new verbs.

Because Latin treats this as a negative command/warning, not just an ordinary negative statement.

• non simply negates a statement
• ne is commonly used in clauses of prohibition or warning

So after monet, Latin prefers:

• monet ne neglegant = warns them not to neglect

rather than using non.

In other words, ne is the idiomatic choice for this kind of construction.

The word order is natural, but Latin word order is fairly flexible.

This sentence is:

• Magistra — subject
• discipulos — object
• monet — main verb
• ne verba nova neglegant — the content of the warning

A native English speaker may expect a stricter order, but Latin relies more on case endings than on position.

So other orders are possible, for example:

• Discipulos magistra monet ne verba nova neglegant.
• Ne verba nova neglegant, magistra discipulos monet.

These can all mean the same basic thing, though the emphasis may shift.

Yes. Moneo has a wider range than just warn.

Depending on context, monet can mean:

• warns
• advises
• reminds

In this sentence, because of ne + subjunctive, warns is often the clearest choice:

• The teacher warns the students not to neglect the new words.

But in some contexts, advises the students not to neglect the new words could also be reasonable.