Alia formica super corticem quercus celeriter ambulat et ad eandem glandem redit.

Yes. Alia is the feminine nominative singular form of alius, alia, aliud, meaning other or another.

Here it agrees with formica because formica is feminine singular. In context, alia formica means another ant or a different ant.

A native English speaker often expects a separate word for another, but Latin often uses alius for that idea.

Because formica is the subject of the sentence.

The ant is the one doing the actions:

• ambulat = walks
• redit = returns

So Latin puts formica in the nominative singular, the normal case for the subject.

Because super can take either the accusative or the ablative, and the choice affects the sense.

A very common guideline is:

• super + accusative: movement over, across, onto
• super + ablative: position on, above

Here the ant is walking over/on the bark, so the accusative corticem fits the idea of movement.

So:

• super corticem = over/on the bark
• super cortice would sound more like location on the bark

Latin prepositions do not always match English one-for-one, so this is a good phrase to learn as a pattern.

Corticem is accusative singular.

Its dictionary form is cortex, corticis (masculine), meaning bark.

Because it follows super here, it appears in the accusative:

• nominative: cortex
• accusative: corticem

This is a regular third-declension pattern.

Here quercus is genitive singular: of the oak.

So:

• corticem quercus = the bark of the oak

The reason it looks confusing is that quercus belongs to the fourth declension, and its nominative singular and genitive singular are often spelled the same:

• nominative singular: quercus
• genitive singular: quercūs

In textbooks the long vowel may be marked in the genitive as quercūs, but without macrons both forms look identical.

So you tell the case from the sentence, not just the spelling.

Because celeriter is an adverb, and it modifies the verb ambulat.

• celeris = swift, quick (an adjective, describing a noun)
• celeriter = quickly (an adverb, describing an action)

Since the sentence is describing how the ant walks, Latin needs the adverb:

• celeriter ambulat = she walks quickly

Ambulat is:

• third person singular
• present tense
• active voice
• indicative mood

It comes from ambulo, ambulare, meaning to walk.

So ambulat means he/she/it walks.
Here, because the subject is formica, it means the ant walks.

Because the sentence has one subject and two coordinated actions:

• ambulat
• redit

So Latin, like English, can simply link them with et:

• walks and returns

The subject formica is understood with both verbs.

Eandem is the feminine accusative singular form of idem, eadem, idem, meaning the same.

It agrees with glandem, which is also feminine accusative singular.

So:

• eandem glandem = the same acorn

A learner may find this form surprising because idem is irregular. The forms are not built as simply as a normal adjective.

Because it follows the preposition ad, and ad takes the accusative case.

• ad = to, toward
• ad glandem = to the acorn

So glans, glandis becomes accusative singular glandem.

That gives:

• ad eandem glandem = to the same acorn

Redit is:

• third person singular
• present tense
• active voice
• indicative mood

It comes from redeo, redire, meaning to return or to go back.

So redit means he/she/it returns.

Because the subject is formica, it means the ant returns.

Because ad expresses movement to a place or object.

So:

• redit = returns
• ad eandem glandem = to the same acorn

Together, ad makes the destination explicit.

Without ad, redit could still mean returns, but the destination might be less clearly stated or expressed in another way.

Classical Latin has no articles like English the and a/an.

So a noun like formica can mean:

• an ant
• the ant

and quercus can mean:

• an oak
• the oak

You decide from context which English article is best.

That is why the same Latin phrase may be translated in slightly different ways in English, even when the Latin is unchanged.

Yes, the word order is normal, and yes, Latin could arrange the words differently.

Latin word order is more flexible than English because case endings show how words relate to one another. This sentence is fairly natural and readable:

• Alia formica puts emphasis on another ant
• celeriter sits close to ambulat
• ad eandem glandem comes before redit and fits neatly with it

A different order could still mean the same thing, as long as the endings stay the same.

So in Latin, word order often shows emphasis or style more than basic grammar.

Because the two words agree in case, number, and gender.

• eandem = feminine accusative singular
• glandem = feminine accusative singular

That matching tells you eandem describes glandem.

This agreement system is one of the main ways Latin shows which adjective belongs to which noun, even if the words are not right next to each other.

Yes. Quercus means oak or oak tree.

So corticem quercus is literally the bark of the oak or oak bark.

English often prefers smoother phrasing, but grammatically Latin is simply using:

• corticem = bark
• quercus = of the oak

So it is a straightforward genitive relationship.