Quamquam pluvia cadit, puella tamen ad scholam venit.

Quamquam means although or even though. It introduces a concessive clause: a clause that presents a fact that might seem like it should prevent something, but does not.

So in this sentence:

Quamquam pluvia cadit = Although it is raining
puella tamen ad scholam venit = the girl nevertheless comes to school

The idea is: rain is falling, but that does not stop the girl from going to school.

Tamen means nevertheless, still, or all the same. Latin often likes to use both words together:

• quamquam = although
• tamen = nevertheless

This pairing makes the contrast especially clear:

Although it is raining, the girl still comes to school.

In English, we do not always use both, but in Latin this is very natural.

Puella is nominative singular. The nominative case is normally used for the subject of the sentence.

Here, puella is the one doing the action of venit (comes), so it is the subject.

Also, the ending -a in a first-declension noun like puella often marks the nominative singular.

Scholam is accusative because it follows the preposition ad, which takes the accusative when it means to or toward.

So:

• schola = school
• ad scholam = to school

This is a very common pattern in Latin:

• ad villam = to the house/farm
• ad urbem = to the city
• ad scholam = to school

In Latin, movement toward a place is often shown with a preposition + accusative. Here that preposition is ad.

English uses to as a separate word, but Latin normally uses:

• ad
  • accusative = to/toward

So ad scholam is the normal Latin way to say to school.

Cadit is present tense, third person singular, from cadere, meaning to fall.

Literally, pluvia cadit means rain falls. In natural English, we usually say it is raining rather than rain falls, so that is often how it is translated.

Latin present tense can correspond to different English present forms, depending on context:

• falls
• is falling
• does fall

So pluvia cadit can mean rain falls or more naturally it is raining.

Yes. Latin often uses pluit for it is raining.

So both ideas are possible:

• pluit = it is raining
• pluvia cadit = literally rain falls

The sentence you have uses pluvia cadit, which is easy to understand and very concrete in imagery.

Venit is present tense, third person singular, from venire, meaning to come.

Depending on context, it can mean:

• comes
• is coming

Here, the girl comes to school is a straightforward translation, but in some contexts is coming to school could also work.

Latin present tense is often a little broader than a single English present form.

Latin has no definite article and no indefinite article. That means it has no exact equivalent of the or a/an.

So:

• puella can mean girl, a girl, or the girl
• schola can mean school, a school, or the school

You decide which English article to use from the context. In this sentence, the girl and school or the school are all possible depending on the situation.

Latin word order is more flexible than English word order because Latin endings show the grammatical roles of words.

So in this sentence:

Quamquam pluvia cadit, puella tamen ad scholam venit

the endings tell us that:

• pluvia is the subject of cadit
• puella is the subject of venit
• scholam goes with ad

Because of that, Latin can move words around more freely than English. However, the order still affects emphasis and style.

This version is quite natural:

• concessive clause first
• main clause second
• venit at the end, which gives a neat finish to the sentence

After quamquam, Latin commonly uses the indicative, especially when the speaker is treating the statement as a real fact.

So:

quamquam pluvia cadit = although it is raining

The rain is presented as an actual situation, not a doubtful or imagined one. That is why the indicative cadit is used.

This is a useful pattern to remember:

• quamquam often introduces a real concession with the indicative

Yes. A very literal version is:

Although rain falls, the girl nevertheless comes to school.

A more natural English version would be something like:

• Although it is raining, the girl still comes to school.
• Even though it is raining, the girl nevertheless comes to school.
• Though it is raining, the girl still goes to school.

The exact English wording can vary, but the Latin structure stays the same.