Soror ad aviam salutatum procedit, priusquam domum redeat.

Because it follows ad, which takes the accusative when it means to or toward a place or person.

So:

• ad aviam = to grandmother
• aviam is the accusative singular of avia

Even though in English we often just say to grandmother, Latin shows that relationship by using ad + accusative.

Yes. In Latin, ad can be used not only for movement toward places, but also for movement toward a person.

So ad aviam procedit means something like:

• she goes to her grandmother
• she goes toward her grandmother

In natural English, we might simply say she goes to visit her grandmother or she goes to greet her grandmother, but Latin expresses that with ad aviam plus the purpose word salutatum.

Salutatum is the supine in -um, a special verbal noun form.

Here it comes from saluto, salutare = to greet.

After a verb of motion, the supine in -um often expresses purpose:

• venit rogatum = he comes to ask
• iit visum amicum = he went to see his friend
• procedit salutatum = she goes to greet

So salutatum does not mean having greeted here. It means for greeting, or more naturally in English, to greet.

Because after verbs of motion, Latin often uses the supine to express purpose.

English says:

• she goes to greet her grandmother

Latin can say:

• procedit salutatum

This is a standard Latin pattern: verb of motion + supine in -um.

A learner often expects an infinitive because English uses to greet, but Latin does not always match English structure. In this sentence, the supine is the idiomatic choice.

Procedit comes from procedo, procedere, which literally means to go forward, to proceed, or to advance.

Depending on context, it can simply be translated as goes, but it has a slightly more deliberate or formal feel than the most basic motion verbs.

So:

• it = goes
• vadit = goes/walks
• procedit = goes forward / proceeds

In many teaching sentences, a verb like procedit may be chosen for variety or style, even if English would just say goes.

Normally, motion toward a place is expressed with ad + accusative. But domus is special.

Latin often says:

• domum = homeward / to home
• domi = at home
• domo = from home

So domum redeat means she returns home, not she returns to the house in a fully literal sense.

This is a very common idiom, and learners simply have to get used to domum being used without ad.

Because it follows priusquam and refers to an action that is still anticipated or not yet realized from the point of view of the main clause.

• priusquam = before
• redeat = present subjunctive of redeo

Latin often uses the subjunctive after priusquam when the action in the before-clause is viewed as future, intended, or still pending.

So the idea is:

• She goes to greet her grandmother before she returns home

At the moment of procedit, the return home has not happened yet, so the subjunctive fits well.

Yes. Both indicative and subjunctive can appear after priusquam, but the nuance changes.

Very roughly:

• indicative: the action is treated more as a straightforward fact
• subjunctive: the action is viewed as anticipated, intended, or not yet actualized

In this sentence, redeat is subjunctive because the return home is still in the future relative to procedit.

So a learner should not think priusquam always requires the subjunctive. The choice depends on sense and style.

Because redit is indicative, while redeat is subjunctive.

Here Latin wants the subjunctive after priusquam for the anticipated action, so it uses:

• redeat = may return / should return / return in a subjunctive sense

In smoother English, we usually just translate it as returns, because English does not always mark this difference so clearly.

Redeat is present subjunctive, third person singular.

It is present subjunctive because:

1. the main verb procedit is in a primary tense, and
2. the subordinate action is contemporaneous with or subsequent to that main action in the sequence of tenses.

In simpler terms: Latin is saying before she returns home, with the return still lying ahead from the point of view of the main verb.

If the main verb were in a past tense, you might expect something like rediret instead.

The most natural subject is the same as the subject of procedit, namely soror.

So the sentence means that the sister goes to greet her grandmother before the sister returns home.

Latin often leaves the subject unspoken in subordinate clauses when it is obvious from context and from the verb ending.

Since redeat is third person singular, it means he/she/it may return, and here the context makes she the natural choice.

Latin normally has no definite article like English the.

So:

• soror can mean sister or the sister
• aviam can mean grandmother or the grandmother

Also, possessive words such as her are often omitted when the relationship is obvious from context. Latin does not always spell out what English does.

So although English might say her grandmother or the grandmother, Latin simply says aviam.

In this sentence, it is directly the supine of saluto, salutare = to greet.

That verb is historically related to salus (health, safety, welfare), because a greeting originally involves wishing someone well. But for practical grammar purposes, the important point is:

• dictionary verb: saluto, salutare
• supine: salutatum

So here salutatum means to greet, not safety or health.

Latin word order is more flexible than English word order because the endings show grammatical relationships.

This sentence is arranged as:

• Soror
• ad aviam
• salutatum
• procedit
• priusquam domum redeat

A Roman could move some of these parts around without destroying the meaning, though the emphasis or style might change.

This order is fairly natural because it groups ideas neatly:

1. the subject: Soror
2. the destination: ad aviam
3. the purpose: salutatum
4. the main action: procedit
5. the time clause: priusquam domum redeat

So the word order is stylistic rather than mechanically fixed.

Yes. The pattern itself is common:

• verb of motion + supine in -um

This is a standard way to express going somewhere in order to do something.

Examples of the same pattern include:

• venit auxilium rogatum = he comes to ask for help
• legatos misit pacem petitum = he sent envoys to seek peace
• iit spectatum = he went to watch

So even if the exact phrase salutatum procedit is not one of the most common set expressions, the grammar behind it is very normal Latin.

Yes, Latin has other ways to express purpose, including ut + subjunctive.

For example, Latin could express purpose with a clause meaning something like in order that she may greet her grandmother.

But after a verb of motion, the supine is often more compact and elegant. It is one of the classic Latin ways of saying to do something after go/come/send.

So salutatum is not the only possible way, but it is a very characteristic and efficient one.