Mater quoque clamorem improbat, quia infans aeger quiescere debet.

Quoque means also or too, and it usually comes after the word it emphasizes.

So mater quoque means the mother too or the mother also.

This is different from English, where also often comes before the word or later in the clause. In Latin, post-position is normal for quoque.

Because clamorem is the direct object of improbat.

The verb improbat means disapproves of, finds unacceptable, or does not approve of, and in Latin it takes a direct object in the accusative:

• clamor = shouting, noise, outcry
• clamorem = shouting/noise/outcry as the thing being disapproved of

So:

• Mater clamorem improbat = The mother disapproves of the noise

English uses disapprove of with a preposition, but Latin often uses a plain accusative object instead.

Improbat comes from improbo, improbare.

Here it means something like:

• disapproves of
• objects to
• finds unacceptable

So the idea is not just that the mother notices the noise, but that she thinks it is wrong, unsuitable, or unwelcome.

Grammatically, improbat is:

• 3rd person singular
• present tense
• active voice

Its subject is mater.

Quia means because and introduces a reason.

So the sentence has two parts:

• Mater quoque clamorem improbat
• quia infans aeger quiescere debet

The second part explains why the mother disapproves of the noise.

In Latin, quia commonly introduces a clause with a normal finite verb, just as because does in English.

Aeger is an adjective meaning sick, ill, or unwell. It modifies infans.

So:

• infans = infant, baby, child
• aeger = sick

Together:

• infans aeger = the sick baby/child

The adjective agrees with the noun in case, number, and gender.

Here both are nominative singular, because infans is the subject of debet.

Yes, it could be feminine in a different context.

Infans can refer to either a male or female infant/child, but the adjective here is aeger, which is the masculine nominative singular form. If the child were clearly female, you could expect aegra instead.

So:

• infans aeger = a sick boy baby/child, or a male/generic infant
• infans aegra = a sick girl baby/child

Sometimes Latin uses masculine as a general/default form, but in a specific context the adjective can show the sex of the child.

Because it depends on debet.

Debet means ought, should, or must, and verbs like this are commonly followed by an infinitive in Latin:

• debet quiescere = ought to rest / must rest

So quiescere is not the main verb of the clause by itself. It is the action that the subject is supposed to do.

This works much like English:

• The infant ought to rest

The infans is the one who is supposed to rest.

In infans aeger quiescere debet, the subject of debet is infans, and the subject of the infinitive quiescere is understood to be the same subject.

So Latin does not need to say:

• infans aeger se quiescere debet

It is already clear that the infant is the one resting.

All three are possible translations depending on context.

Debet literally comes from debeo, which originally means owe, but very often it expresses obligation or necessity:

• must
• should
• ought to

Here the sense is probably something like:

• the sick infant ought to rest or
• the sick infant needs to rest

So the exact English wording can vary, but the basic idea is obligation or necessity.

Yes, but it is also very normal Latin.

Latin word order is more flexible than English because the endings show the grammatical roles. In this sentence:

• Mater quoque clamorem improbat
• quia infans aeger quiescere debet

The first clause is fairly straightforward:

• subject: mater
• object: clamorem
• verb: improbat

In the second clause, the finite verb debet comes at the end, which is very common in Latin. The infinitive quiescere appears just before it.

English relies heavily on word order, but Latin can move words around more freely for emphasis or style.

Because Latin has no articles.

Latin does not have separate words for the, a, or an. Whether a noun is definite or indefinite is understood from context.

So:

• mater can mean mother or the mother
• infans can mean an infant, the infant, baby, or the baby

In this sentence, English naturally uses the mother and the sick infant, but Latin does not need extra words for that.

Clamor can mean:

• shouting
• noise
• crying out
• an outcry
• uproar

So clamorem improbat could be translated in several natural ways depending on context:

• disapproves of the noise
• objects to the shouting
• does not approve of the commotion

If the context involves a sick child who needs rest, noise or shouting is probably the best sense.

Here infans is nominative singular, because it is the subject of debet.

The full structure is:

• infans aeger = the sick infant
• quiescere debet = ought to rest

So infans is doing the action of debet in the sense of being the one under the obligation.

With infans, the nominative singular form is just infans, and that is also the dictionary form. It belongs to the third declension.

Yes. Both are perfectly reasonable.

• Mater quoque clamorem improbat = The mother also disapproves of the noise
• Mater quoque clamorem improbat = The mother too disapproves of the noise

Because quoque follows mater, the emphasis is specifically on the mother being included along with someone else already mentioned or understood.