Absens domum redire vult.

Absens means absent or being away.

Grammatically, it is the present participle of absum (to be away, to be absent), but it often functions very much like an adjective. In this sentence, it describes the person who wants to return home.

So absens can be understood as:

• absent
• away
• being away

It is nominative singular, so it matches the implied subject of the sentence.

Latin often leaves out subject pronouns when they are not needed.

The verb vult already tells us the subject is third person singular:

• he wants
• she wants
• it wants

Because of that, Latin does not need to add is / ea unless there is special emphasis or contrast.

So the sentence naturally means:

• He, being away, wants to return home or
• She, being away, wants to return home

The exact gender depends on context.

Because vult is a verb like wants, and after verbs of wanting, being able, beginning, and similar ideas, Latin often uses a complementary infinitive.

So:

• vult redire = wants to return

This works like English:

• He wants to go
• She wants to return

Here:

• vult = wants
• redire = to return

Redire is the present active infinitive of redeo, redire, meaning to go back or to return.

It is built from:

• re- = back
• eo / ire = to go

So redire literally means to go back.

In this sentence, it depends on vult:

• vult redire = wants to return

This is a very common Latin idiom.

With words meaning home and with names of cities, towns, and some small islands, Latin often expresses motion toward a place without a preposition.

So:

• domum = homeward, to home, or more naturally home

That is why Latin says:

• domum ire = to go home
• domum redire = to return home

English needs to in many contexts, but Latin does not here.

Domum is accusative singular.

Here it is an example of the accusative of place to which:

• motion toward a place is often shown by the accusative

Normally Latin would often use a preposition such as ad, but with domus (home) it commonly uses the accusative by itself:

• domum = home / to home

So the case helps express direction.

Yes. Domum is the accusative singular of domus, meaning house or home.

Domus is a somewhat irregular noun, because it mixes forms from different declension patterns. That is why some of its forms may look less familiar than regular first- or second-declension nouns.

Important forms include:

• nominative: domus
• accusative: domum
• genitive: domus or domi
• locative: domi = at home

So in this sentence, domum is exactly the form you would expect for motion toward home.

Absens is in the nominative singular and agrees with the implied subject of vult.

So the structure is roughly:

• absens = being away / absent
• domum redire = to return home
• vult = wants

It describes the subject at the time of wanting. In English, we might translate it in different ways depending on style:

• Being away, he wants to return home
• Since he is away, he wants to return home
• Absent, he wants to return home

The basic idea is that the subject is currently away.

It is originally a participle, but here it can be understood almost like an adjective.

That is very common in Latin. Participles often keep some verbal force, but they can also behave like descriptive words.

So absens may be felt as:

• a participle: being away
• an adjective: absent

Both ways of understanding it are reasonable here.

Latin word order is more flexible than English word order because Latin uses endings to show grammatical relationships.

Placing the main verb at the end is very common in Latin prose. So:

• Absens domum redire vult

is perfectly normal.

The order may also give a slight emphasis:

• Absens comes first, highlighting the state of being away
• vult comes last, completing the thought

English usually needs a stricter order, but Latin does not.

Yes, that is possible as a grammatical understanding, because absens can function adjectivally.

However, in many contexts a learner will most naturally take it as:

• Being away, he/she wants to return home

Without more context, Latin allows a little flexibility in how smoothly we translate absens into English. The core meaning stays the same: the person is away and wants to go back home.

Yes, redire already means to go back or to return. But it does not by itself tell you where the person is returning.

So:

• redire = to return
• domum redire = to return home

The word domum gives the destination.

Normally, no. Classical Latin idiom strongly prefers domum without a preposition when meaning homeward / home.

So the natural expression is:

• domum ire
• domum redire

Using ad domum would usually sound non-classical or at least much less idiomatic in this sense.

Yes, that is a fairly literal translation.

But in more natural English, you would often say:

• Being away, he wants to return home or simply
• He is away and wants to return home

The exact English wording depends on how closely you want to mirror the Latin structure.