Si praeco nomen candidatae iterum recitabit, plures cives ad tribunal propius accedent.

Because this is a straightforward future condition: If X happens, Y will happen.

Latin often expresses that pattern with:

• si
  • future indicative in the condition
• future indicative in the result

So Si praeco nomen candidatae iterum recitabit, plures cives ad tribunal propius accedent means that the speaker sees this as a real future possibility, not an unreal or contrary-to-fact situation.

Because this sentence is not using a hypothetical or contrary-to-fact condition. It is simply saying what will happen if a certain future event occurs.

So:

• si ... recitabit = if ... will repeat / if ... repeats
• not a doubtful or imaginary if he were to repeat

Latin does use the subjunctive in other kinds of conditions, but not in this ordinary future one.

Here nomen is the direct object of recitabit, so it is accusative singular.

A beginner may wonder why it looks the same as the nominative. That is because nomen is a neuter noun, and neuter nouns often have the same form in the nominative and accusative singular.

So in this sentence:

• praeco = subject
• nomen = direct object

Candidatae is genitive singular here, meaning of the female candidate.

So:

• nomen candidatae = the candidate's name or the name of the candidate

In isolation, candidatae could represent more than one case/form, but here the context makes the genitive clear, because nomen commonly takes a possessor in the genitive.

Because candidata means female candidate. The sentence is talking about a woman who is standing for office or being presented as a candidate.

If it were a male candidate, you would expect candidati in this construction:

• nomen candidati = the male candidate's name

Because Latin has no articles.

So Latin nouns like praeco, nomen, candidata, and tribunal can be translated as:

• a herald or the herald
• a name or the name
• a candidate or the candidate

English has to supply the article from the context, but Latin does not use a separate word for it.

Because cives are countable people, and Latin normally uses plures for more with countable nouns.

So:

• plures cives = more citizens

By contrast, plus is more often used as a neuter singular substantive, especially with uncountable ideas, as in more water, more money, and so on.

Also, plures agrees with cives in case, number, and gender.

They are nominative plural, because they are the subject of accedent.

So the structure is:

• plures cives = subject
• accedent = verb

This gives the sense more citizens will approach.

Because ad takes the accusative when it shows motion toward something.

So:

• ad tribunal = to the platform / toward the tribunal

This fits the verb accedent, which means they will approach or they will come up to.

Propius is a comparative adverb meaning nearer or more closely.

In this sentence it goes with accedent:

• propius accedent = they will approach more closely / come nearer

So ad tribunal propius accedent means that the citizens will move closer to the platform.

It modifies the verb accedent, not the noun tribunal.

In other words, it describes how they will approach:

• not just they will approach the platform
• but they will approach the platform more closely

So the core idea is movement, and propius adds the idea of increased nearness.

Because Latin word order is flexible, especially with adverbs.

Here iterum clearly modifies recitabit:

• iterum recitabit = will recite again / will repeat

Latin does not need to place adverbs exactly where English would. The meaning is still clear because the endings and the sentence structure show how the words relate.

Recitare means to read out, recite aloud, or call out publicly. In this context, with praeco as the subject, it suggests an official public announcement.

Because iterum is added, the sense becomes:

• will recite again
• will read out again
• will call out again
• will repeat aloud

So it is more formal and public than simply say.

A praeco is a herald, crier, or public announcer. In Roman public life, a praeco would call out names, announcements, or official information aloud to a crowd.

So the sentence imagines a public setting in which an announcer repeats the candidate's name and the citizens respond by moving closer.

Yes. Latin word order is much freer than English word order because the endings do a lot of the grammatical work.

For example, the sentence could be rearranged in several ways and still keep basically the same meaning, as long as the forms stay the same.

The given order is natural and clear:

• praeco first introduces the subject
• nomen candidatae gives the object
• iterum recitabit completes the first clause
• plures cives begins the result clause clearly

So the order helps the flow, but the endings are what really show the grammar.