Mater cito domum redibit.

Because mater is the subject of the sentence: mother is the one doing the action.

It is in the nominative singular, which is the case Latin normally uses for the subject. Mater is a third-declension noun, and its nominative singular happens to look like this.

So in Mater cito domum redibit, mater means mother or the mother as the subject.

Latin has no articles. There is no ordinary word that directly corresponds to English the or a/an.

So mater can mean:

• mother
• a mother
• the mother

Which one is best depends on the context. The same is true for domum, which can be understood as home or the home, depending on the situation.

Cito is an adverb, modifying the verb redibit.

It can mean:

• quickly
• soon

With a verb like return, English often prefers soon: Mother will return home soon. But grammatically, cito is simply an adverb telling us how or when the returning happens.

This is a very common Latin pattern. Domum is the accusative of motion toward with the special noun domus.

Latin often uses the accusative without a preposition to show movement toward certain places, especially:

• domum = home
• names of towns and small islands

So domum redibit means he/she will return home.

Even though domum is accusative, it is not the direct object here. It shows destination.

Because with domus meaning home, Latin very often omits a preposition when expressing motion toward home.

So Latin says:

• domum = to home / home
• domi = at home
• domo = from home

This is an old and very common idiom. English needs to less often here too, since we also say go home, not usually go to home.

Redibit is:

• third person singular
• future tense
• active voice
• indicative mood

So it means he/she/it will return.

Here, since the subject is mater, it means she will return.

It comes from redeo, redire, redii (or redivi), reditum, meaning to go back or to return.

This verb is built from:

• re- = back
• eo = I go

So redibit literally has the sense of she will go back.

Because eo is irregular, compounds like redeo are also a little unusual and worth memorizing carefully.

This is the regular future ending for many third-conjugation and fourth-conjugation verbs, and also for eo and its compounds.

Compare:

• regit = he/she rules
• reget = he/she will rule
• redit = he/she returns
• redibit = he/she will return

With eo compounds, the future often shows -bo, -bis, -bit, as in:

• ibo = I will go
• ibis = you will go
• ibit = he/she will go

So redibit follows that same pattern.

Latin word order is more flexible than English word order because Latin uses endings to show grammatical relationships.

So these all mean basically the same thing:

• Mater cito domum redibit
• Mater domum cito redibit
• Cito mater domum redibit
• Domum mater cito redibit

The chosen order can affect emphasis or style, but not the core meaning.

In this sentence, putting redibit at the end is very normal Latin style, since verbs often come late in the sentence.

Yes. Adverbs in Latin are fairly mobile.

For example, you could also say:

• Mater domum cito redibit
• Mater redibit cito domum
  though this is less natural stylistically
• Cito mater domum redibit

The meaning stays much the same, but the emphasis shifts a little. In the given sentence, cito comes early and naturally modifies the whole idea of returning.

It can be either, depending on context.

Latin does not use capitalization the way English does in many modern editions, and the bare noun mater can mean:

• mother
• Mother when directly referring to one’s mother in context
• the mother

So without more context, you simply read it as mother and let the surrounding passage tell you whether it feels more personal or more general.

Classical Latin normally prefers domum by itself for homeward motion.

So:

• domum redibit = the normal idiomatic way to say she will return home

Using ad domum would usually sound less idiomatic in classical prose. Latin treats home as a special destination word, much like English does in go home.

Both are good. The Latin verb redeo basically means go back or come back / return, depending on viewpoint.

English chooses among:

• will return
• will come back
• will go back

based on what sounds most natural in context. In a simple sentence like this, will return is often the neatest translation.