Magistra dicit bonitatem cum virtute manere, non cum timore.

Because after verbs of saying, thinking, knowing, and perceiving, Latin often uses an indirect statement construction.

Here, dicit means says, and what is being said is expressed by:

• bonitatem = the subject of the indirect statement
• manere = the infinitive verb

So Latin uses:

• Magistra dicit bonitatem manere
• literally: The teacher says goodness to remain
• natural English: The teacher says that goodness remains

English usually uses that, but Latin typically uses accusative + infinitive instead.

Yes, it is the subject of manere, but in an indirect statement, Latin puts the subject into the accusative case.

So in this sentence:

• bonitas would be the nominative form
• bonitatem is the accusative form

In direct speech, you might have:

• Bonitas manet = Goodness remains

But after dicit, that becomes:

• Magistra dicit bonitatem manere = The teacher says that goodness remains

This is one of the most important Latin patterns to learn.

Both are in the ablative singular.

They are ablative because they follow the preposition cum, which here means with:

• cum virtute = with virtue
• cum timore = with fear

So the structure is straightforward:

• cum
  • ablative

Yes, here cum means with.

That is clear because it is followed by nouns:

• virtute
• timore

When cum means when, it usually introduces a clause with a verb, such as:

• cum venit = when he comes

But here there is no clause after cum, only ablative nouns, so the meaning is definitely with.

Because it is negating that phrase and setting up a contrast:

• cum virtute
• non cum timore

So the sense is:

• with virtue, not with fear

Latin often places non directly before the word or phrase it is negating. Here it helps emphasize the contrast between virtue and fear.

Not really, at least not in the way an English speaker might first assume.

It may look as though bonitatem is the object of dicit, but grammatically it is better understood as the subject accusative of the infinitive manere inside the indirect statement.

So the structure is:

• Magistra = subject of dicit
• dicit = main verb
• bonitatem manere = indirect statement
  • bonitatem = subject of manere
  • manere = infinitive verb

This is a very common Latin pattern.

Here are the main forms:

• magistra = magistra, magistrae — female teacher
• dicit comes from dico, dicere, dixi, dictum — say
• bonitatem comes from bonitas, bonitatis — goodness
• virtute comes from virtus, virtutis — virtue
• manere = maneo, manere, mansi, mansum — remain, stay
• timore comes from timor, timoris — fear

This is a useful habit: when you see a form in a sentence, try to connect it back to its dictionary entry.

Because the meaning is active: goodness remains.

The infinitive manere is the present active infinitive of maneo.

If the sentence needed a passive meaning, it would use a different form. But here goodness is doing the action of remaining, so the active infinitive is correct.

The subject is Magistra.

It is in the nominative singular, and it means the teacher or female teacher.

So the main clause is:

• Magistra dicit = The teacher says

Everything after that gives the content of what she says.

Yes. Latin word order is more flexible than English word order because case endings show the grammatical relationships.

For example, these would still mean essentially the same thing:

• Magistra dicit bonitatem cum virtute manere, non cum timore.
• Bonitatem magistra dicit cum virtute manere, non cum timore.
• Magistra bonitatem dicit manere cum virtute, non cum timore.

However, different word orders can slightly change emphasis.

The given order is quite clear and natural:

• first the speaker: Magistra
• then the reporting verb: dicit
• then the indirect statement
• and finally the contrast: non cum timore

Yes. In fact, that is usually the most natural way to translate it into English.

Latin says:

• Magistra dicit bonitatem cum virtute manere

English naturally says:

• The teacher says that goodness remains with virtue

Latin does not need a separate word for that in this kind of sentence, because the accusative + infinitive construction already does that job.

Because Latin is presenting them as general abstract qualities:

• virtute = with virtue
• timore = with fear

Abstract nouns are often singular in both Latin and English when speaking generally. The sentence is not talking about multiple separate virtues or fears, but about virtue and fear as ideas or conditions.

Yes: cum + ablative is a simple and common way to express accompaniment or association.

So the sentence is saying that goodness remains in company with / alongside virtue, and not with fear.

That choice makes the contrast very neat:

• cum virtute
• non cum timore

It is grammatically simple and rhetorically balanced.