Quamquam pluvia desiit, mater dicit pueros diutius intra domum manere debere.

Quamquam means although or even though. It introduces a concession clause: a clause that admits one fact but then gives another fact that contrasts with it.

So here:

• Quamquam pluvia desiit = Although the rain has stopped / stopped

This sets up the contrast with the main idea:

• mater dicit... = the mother says...

So the basic structure is:

• Although X, Y

Because pluvia is the subject of desiit.

• pluvia = the rain in the nominative
• desiit = stopped / has stopped

In Latin, the subject of a finite verb normally appears in the nominative case. So pluvia must be nominative, not accusative.

Desiit is perfect tense of desinere.

It means:

• stopped
• or sometimes has stopped

In this sentence, it refers to an action completed before the mother's statement: the rain has already stopped, but despite that, she still says the boys should stay inside longer.

So the timeline is roughly:

1. The rain stopped.
2. The mother says the boys should stay inside longer.

With quamquam, Latin commonly uses the indicative when the speaker is stating a real fact.

So:

• quamquam pluvia desiit = although the rain stopped

This is presented as an actual situation, not a hypothetical or doubtful one.

That is why desiit is indicative.

Because Latin uses an indirect statement after verbs like dicit (says).

In an indirect statement:

• the subject of the subordinate idea goes into the accusative
• the verb goes into an infinitive

So:

• mater dicit pueros manere debere

literally = the mother says the boys to have to remain

Better English = the mother says that the boys ought to remain

That is why pueros is accusative, not nominative pueri.

This is a very common Latin pattern.

After dicit, Latin uses an accusative-and-infinitive construction for indirect statement:

• pueros ... debere = that the boys ought...

Then debere itself can take another infinitive:

• manere = to remain

So the structure is:

• mater dicit = the mother says
• pueros = the boys
• manere = to remain
• debere = to ought / to have to

Put together:

• mater dicit pueros manere debere
• the mother says that the boys ought to remain

So:

• debere is the main infinitive of the indirect statement
• manere depends on debere

Debere means to owe, and from that it often comes to mean to be obliged, must, or ought.

So:

• manere = to remain
• manere debere = to ought to remain / to have to remain

In smoother English, we usually translate it as:

• should remain
• ought to remain
• sometimes must remain, depending on context

Here should remain or ought to remain is probably the best fit.

Diutius means longer or for a longer time.

It is a comparative adverb from diu (for a long time).

So:

• diu = for a long time
• diutius = for a longer time

It modifies manere:

• diutius manere = to remain longer

Even though English often just says longer, the Latin idea is specifically about duration of time.

Intra is a preposition meaning inside or within, and it takes the accusative:

• intra domum = inside the house / within the house

This emphasizes being inside the boundaries of the house.

By contrast:

• in domo = in the house, using in with the ablative

Both can often be translated similarly in English, but intra can sound a little more emphatic about staying within the house.

So here:

• diutius intra domum manere = to stay inside the house longer

Because intra always takes the accusative case.

So:

• intra + accusative

That gives:

• intra domum

This is simply something to memorize with the preposition.

It breaks down like this:

• Quamquam pluvia desiit
  Although the rain stopped

• mater dicit
  the mother says

• pueros
  the boys — accusative subject of indirect statement

• diutius
  longer

• intra domum
  inside the house

• manere
  to remain

• debere
  ought to / should

So the full structure is:

• Although the rain has stopped, the mother says that the boys ought to stay inside the house longer.

Because Latin normally does not use a separate word equivalent to English that in this kind of indirect statement.

In English we say:

• The mother says that the boys should stay inside longer.

In Latin, instead of using that, the language switches to the accusative + infinitive pattern:

• mater dicit pueros ... debere

So the idea of English that is built into the grammar, not expressed by a separate word.

Latin word order is more flexible than English word order because the endings show the grammatical relationships.

This sentence puts the words in a natural and clear order:

• concessive clause first: Quamquam pluvia desiit
• main verb next: mater dicit
• then the indirect statement: pueros diutius intra domum manere debere

But Latin could rearrange parts for emphasis.

For example, diutius is placed before intra domum manere to highlight the idea of longer. English depends more heavily on word order; Latin depends more on case endings and verb forms.

Yes. That combination is perfectly normal.

• desiit = stopped / has stopped
• dicit = says / is saying

Latin often mixes tenses according to the actual time of each action.

So the sense is:

• the rain stopped already,
• but now the mother says the boys should stay inside longer.

A natural translation is:

• Although the rain has stopped, the mother says that the boys should stay inside longer.

or

• Although the rain stopped, the mother says that the boys ought to stay inside longer.

Both are reasonable depending on context.