Mater non patitur puerum solum extra domum currere.

Latin has no articles, so it does not have separate words for the or a/an.

So:

• mater can mean mother, a mother, or the mother
• puerum can mean a boy or the boy

You work out which one is meant from the context.

Patitur comes from patior, pati, passus sum, a deponent verb.

Deponent verbs:

• have passive-looking forms
• but active meanings

So patitur is grammatically a passive-looking form, but it means he/she allows, he/she suffers, or he/she endures, depending on context.

Here, with non, it means does not allow.

Because Latin often uses accusative + infinitive after verbs like allow, make, hear, see, and similar verbs.

In this sentence:

• mater = the subject of the main verb
• non patitur = does not allow
• puerum currere = the boy to run

So puerum is the accusative subject of the infinitive currere.

English says the boy runs when it is a normal clause, but after allow we say allow the boy to run. Latin does something similar, using the accusative.

After patitur, Latin uses an infinitive to express what someone is allowed or not allowed to do.

So:

• patitur puerum currere = allows the boy to run
• not allows the boy runs

That is why currere is an infinitive: it completes the meaning of patitur.

Here solum means alone, not only.

It agrees with puerum:

• puerum = accusative singular masculine
• solum = accusative singular masculine

So puerum solum means the boy alone or more naturally the boy by himself.

A learner might notice that solum can also be an adverb meaning only in other contexts. But here the agreement with puerum shows that it is an adjective.

Because solum has to agree with puerum.

Since puerum is:

• masculine
• singular
• accusative

the adjective must also be:

• masculine
• singular
• accusative

That gives solum.

If it were nominative singular masculine, it would be solus.

Because extra is a preposition that takes the accusative case.

So:

• extra = outside, beyond
• domum = accusative form of domus

Together, extra domum means outside the house.

In this sentence, it is best understood as the accusative after extra.

Latin does often use domum by itself to mean homeward or home:

• domum it = he goes home

But here we already have the preposition extra, so domum is simply the object of that preposition:

• extra domum = outside the house

Because non normally goes directly before the word or phrase it negates. Here it negates the main verb:

• non patitur = does not allow

That is the most normal placement.

No. Latin word order is much more flexible than English word order because the endings show the grammatical relationships.

This sentence is arranged in a very natural way:

• Mater = subject first
• non patitur = main verb next
• puerum solum extra domum currere = the thing she does not allow

But Latin could rearrange parts of this sentence for emphasis. For example, moving solum or extra domum would change the emphasis, not the basic meaning.

Patitur is present indicative.

That usually means something like:

• the mother does not allow
• the mother is not allowing
• the mother does not let

The exact English translation depends on context. It could describe a general rule, a habitual action, or something happening now.

No. Its basic idea is often suffer, endure, or allow, and the exact meaning depends on context.

For example:

• dolorem patitur = he suffers pain
• eum abire patitur = he allows him to leave

In this sentence, because it is followed by puerum ... currere, the sense is clearly allow:

• Mater non patitur puerum solum extra domum currere = The mother does not allow the boy to run outside the house alone.