Civis locuples non semper immunis est.

Because civis is in the nominative singular, which is the case normally used for the subject of a sentence.

Here, est means is, so the sentence is structured like:

• civis = subject
• locuples = adjective describing the subject
• immunis = predicate adjective after est
• est = verb

So civis is the person being talked about: the/a citizen.

Civis is nominative singular here.

A learner may notice that civis can also be genitive singular in some contexts, but in this sentence it is clearly nominative because:

• it fits as the subject of est
• the adjectives locuples and immunis also match it as nominative singular
• the meaning of the sentence requires a subject: A wealthy citizen is not always exempt/immune

So syntax helps you identify the case.

They have different jobs:

• locuples is an attributive adjective: it directly describes civis
  
  • civis locuples = a wealthy citizen
• immunis is a predicate adjective: it goes with est
  
  • immunis est = is exempt / is immune

So the sentence is built like this:

• civis locuples = a wealthy citizen
• non semper immunis est = is not always exempt

Yes. Both adjectives agree with civis in case, number, and gender.

Here that means they are understood as:

• nominative
• singular
• matching the gender of civis

Because civis can refer to a male or female citizen, the form does not have to change here. These adjective forms can suit the noun in this context.

Because after a linking verb like est (is), Latin often uses a predicate nominative or predicate adjective.

In English we do the same thing:

• The citizen is wealthy
• The citizen is exempt

We do not switch to an object form after is. Latin works similarly here. So immunis stays in the nominative because it describes the subject civis.

Non semper means not always.

• non = not
• semper = always

Together they qualify the statement: the citizen is wealthy, but that does not mean the citizen is exempt in every case.

A useful point for learners: non semper does not mean never. It means sometimes yes, sometimes no.

Latin has no articles like English a, an, or the.

So civis can mean:

• a citizen
• the citizen
• sometimes even citizen in a general sense

You decide from the context. In a sentence like this, English often translates it as something like:

• A wealthy citizen is not always exempt
• or The wealthy citizen is not always exempt

Both can be reasonable depending on context.

Latin word order is more flexible than English word order because Latin uses endings to show grammatical relationships.

So est often appears at or near the end of the sentence, especially in straightforward prose. That placement is very natural in Latin.

This sentence could be rearranged without changing the core meaning much, for example:

• Civis locuples non semper immunis est
• Civis locuples immunis non semper est
• Non semper civis locuples immunis est

But the given order is clear and idiomatic.

Not necessarily a dramatic one. In Latin, adjectives can come before or after the nouns they describe.

So:

• civis locuples
• locuples civis

both can mean a wealthy citizen.

Sometimes word order can add emphasis or style, but very often it is simply a normal variation. Here civis locuples is perfectly natural.

They are related, and that can help you remember the word. But you should be careful not to assume the meaning is always exactly the same as modern English immune.

In Latin, immunis often means:

• exempt from a duty
• free from a burden
• not subject to something

Depending on context, it can be translated as exempt, free from, or sometimes immune.

So in this sentence, immunis may well mean something like exempt rather than specifically medically immune.

Yes. Civis means citizen and can refer to either a male or a female citizen.

That is common in Latin: some nouns can refer to persons of either sex even when the form itself does not change.

So the sentence does not by itself tell you whether the citizen is male or female. Context would decide that.

They are third-declension adjectives.

More specifically:

• locuples is a third-declension adjective with forms built from locuples, locupletis
• immunis is a third-declension adjective with forms built from immunis, immune

A beginner often expects adjectives to look like first/second-declension forms such as bonus or magnus, so this sentence is a good reminder that many common Latin adjectives belong to the third declension instead.

Yes. Even if the basic meaning is already known, Latin often allows more than one natural English translation.

Possible translations include:

• A wealthy citizen is not always exempt.
• The wealthy citizen is not always exempt.
• A rich citizen is not always immune.
• A rich citizen is not always free from obligation.

The exact best translation depends on context, especially how you understand immunis. The Latin grammar stays the same even if the English wording changes a little.