jinryoga kkeutnan dwie uisaga ttatteushan mureul manhi masirago haessgeodeun, geuraeseo chareul sasseo.

진료 means medical treatment, medical care, or a medical consultation/examination.

In this sentence, 진료가 끝난 뒤에 most naturally means:

• after the medical appointment ended
• after the doctor’s examination/treatment was over

So it is not just a general word for work or business. It is specifically medical.

Here, 진료 is the thing that ended, so it is the subject of 끝나다.

• 끝나다 = to end / to be over (intransitive)
• 끝내다 = to finish something (transitive)

Because 끝나다 is intransitive, the thing that ends is marked with 이/가:

• 진료가 끝나다 = the appointment ends / the treatment is over

If you used 진료를, that would suggest a transitive structure, which does not fit 끝나다.

끝난 뒤에 means after it ended or after the end of.

Breakdown:

• 끝나다 = to end
• 끝난 = ended / that ended
  
  • this is the verb turned into a modifier
• 뒤 = after, behind
• 뒤에 = after

So:

• 진료가 끝난 뒤에 = after the appointment ended

This pattern is very common:

• 밥을 먹은 뒤에 = after eating
• 수업이 끝난 뒤에 = after class ended

마시라고 하다 is a reporting pattern used when someone tells, orders, advises, or instructs another person to do something.

Breakdown:

• 마시다 = to drink
• 마시라고 = to drink, in the sense of (someone said) drink...
• 했어 = said
• 마시라고 했어 = said to drink

So:

• 따뜻한 물을 많이 마시라고 했어 = (the doctor) told me to drink a lot of warm water

This pattern often carries the nuance of a directive, suggestion, or instruction.

Compare:

• 간다고 했어 = said that (someone) is going
• 가라고 했어 = told (someone) to go

That extra -라고 marks reported commands/advice.

Because Korean very often omits things that are understood from context.

In English, you usually need:

• The doctor told me to drink...

In Korean, if it is obvious that the doctor is talking to the speaker, 나한테 / 저한테 is often omitted.

So this sentence naturally implies:

• 의사가 (나한테) 따뜻한 물을 많이 마시라고 했거든

The me is understood, even though it is not spoken.

많이 means a lot.

It functions as an adverb modifying 마시다:

• 물을 많이 마시다 = drink a lot of water

So:

• 따뜻한 물을 많이 마시라고 했어 = said to drink a lot of warm water

It does not mean there is a lot of warm water physically present. It means the action of drinking should happen in large quantity / frequently.

Here, -거든 adds an explanatory, background-giving tone.

So 했거든 feels like:

• you see, the doctor told me...
• because the doctor told me...
• the thing is, the doctor told me...

It is often used in conversation when giving the reason or background for what comes next.

So the flow is:

• The doctor told me to drink a lot of warm water, you see, so I bought tea.

It sounds natural and conversational, not like a dry textbook statement.

Yes, both help connect the two ideas, but they do slightly different jobs.

• -거든 gives background/explanation
• 그래서 explicitly introduces the result

So the structure is:

1. Here’s the reason/background:
   의사가 ... 했거든
2. Here’s what happened as a result:
   그래서 차를 샀어

In casual spoken Korean, using both is very natural. It can feel more conversational than using only one connector.

Because 차 is a homonym in Korean:

• 차 = tea
• 차 = car

Context tells you which one it is.

Here, the speaker says the doctor advised drinking warm water, and then says 그래서 차를 샀어. In that context, tea makes sense, not car.

So:

• 차를 샀어 = I bought tea

not

• I bought a car

This is a good cultural/context question.

Literally, the doctor recommended warm water, but the speaker says they bought tea. That is not a perfect one-to-one match, but in everyday conversation it sounds natural enough because tea is:

• warm
• easy to drink
• often associated with soothing the body or throat

So the speaker is probably saying, I decided to buy tea as a practical way to drink something warm.

It is a natural conversational leap, even if it is not mathematically identical to water.

This sentence is in a casual, informal speech style.

You can see that in:

• 했거든
• 샀어

This is the kind of form you would use with:

• friends
• close family
• someone younger
• casual conversation

A more polite version might be:

• 진료가 끝난 뒤에 의사가 따뜻한 물을 많이 마시라고 했거든요, 그래서 차를 샀어요.

Or even more formally:

• 진료가 끝난 뒤에 의사가 따뜻한 물을 많이 마시라고 했습니다. 그래서 차를 샀습니다.

Yes, in many cases they are similar.

• 끝난 뒤에
• 끝난 후에

Both can mean after it ended.

The difference is mostly style:

• 뒤에 often sounds a bit more common and conversational
• 후에 can sound a bit more formal or written

In this sentence, 뒤에 fits the casual tone very well.

Yes. Korean usually puts the most important action at the end of each clause.

So the sentence builds up like this:

• 진료가 끝난 뒤에 = after the appointment ended
• 의사가 = the doctor
• 따뜻한 물을 많이 = a lot of warm water
• 마시라고 했거든 = told me to drink
• 그래서 = so
• 차를 샀어 = I bought tea

This is why Korean often feels back-loaded to English speakers: the key verb or meaning often comes late in the clause.