butyou kara kyoka wo moraimasita.

部長 is read ぶちょう (buchō).

It means department manager, department head, or sometimes section chief, depending on the company and context.

In Japanese workplace language, job titles are used very often, sometimes instead of a person’s name. So 部長から can mean from the manager / from the department head.

から marks the source or starting point, so here it means from.

So 部長から means from the manager.

In this sentence, it shows who the permission came from. The manager is the person who gave the permission, and the speaker is the person who received it.

を marks the direct object of the verb.

The verb もらう means to receive, so the thing being received is marked with を.

Here, the thing received is 許可 = permission.

So:

• 部長から = from the manager
• 許可を = permission
• もらいました = received

Even though permission is not a physical object, Japanese still treats it grammatically as something you can receive, so を is natural here.

もらう is the plain dictionary form.

もらいました is the polite past form.

So:

• もらう = receive / get
• もらいました = received / got

The sentence is in polite style, which is very common in normal conversation and especially in workplace-related speech.

In Japanese, もらう can be used not only for physical things, but also for abstract things such as:

• 許可をもらう = receive permission
• アドバイスをもらう = receive advice
• メールをもらう = receive an email
• 手伝いをしてもらう = have someone help you

So 許可をもらいました is a very natural way to say that someone gave you permission.

Yes, 部長に許可をもらいました is also natural.

With もらう, both に and から can mark the giver/source.

Very roughly:

• に is very common with people as the giver
• から emphasizes the source a little more, like from

So both are possible:

• 部長に許可をもらいました。
• 部長から許可をもらいました。

In many situations, the difference is small.

Because 部長 is not the subject of もらいました.

With もらう, the sentence is built from the receiver’s point of view. The speaker is the one who received something, and that receiver is often omitted because it is understood.

So the hidden structure is something like:

• 私は 部長から 許可を もらいました。
• I received permission from the manager.

Here:

• the omitted subject is I
• 部長から marks the source/giver
• 許可を marks what was received

If you used 部長が, it would suggest the manager is the subject, which does not match the verb もらう here.

Yes. Very likely, the omitted subject is 私は.

Japanese often leaves out subjects and topics when they are obvious from context.

So the full idea is probably:

• 私は部長から許可をもらいました。

But Japanese usually sounds more natural without 私は if the listener already knows who is speaking about themselves.

許可 is a noun meaning permission or approval.

In this sentence, it is the thing being received.

A useful pattern is:

• X から Y を もらう
• receive Y from X

Here:

• X = 部長
• Y = 許可

So 許可 is the object of もらう.

Yes. いただく is the humble equivalent of もらう.

So:

• 部長から許可をもらいました。 = polite, normal
• 部長から許可をいただきました。 = more humble, more formal

Because the manager is higher in status, いただきました can sound more appropriate in very formal or business-like situations.

Still, もらいました is not wrong. It is a normal, common way to say it.

The basic structure is:

• giver/source + から
• thing received + を
• もらう

So:

• 部長 = manager
• から = from
• 許可 = permission
• を = object marker
• もらいました = received

This gives:

• [from the manager] [permission] [received]

Japanese usually puts the verb at the end, so the sentence order is different from English.

Yes, Japanese word order is more flexible than English, as long as the particles stay correct.

For example, these are both possible:

• 部長から許可をもらいました。
• 許可を部長からもらいました。

The first one is more neutral and probably more common here.

The particles から and を are what show the roles, so the meaning stays clear even if the order changes somewhat.

It mainly focuses on the speaker’s side, because もらう describes the event from the receiver’s perspective.

Compare the viewpoint:

• 部長が許可をくれました。 = The manager gave me permission.
• 部長から許可をもらいました。 = I received permission from the manager.

Both can describe the same situation, but もらう highlights the receiver, while くれる highlights the giver’s action toward the speaker.

Yes, it is a complete and natural sentence.

It works especially well when the listener already knows what kind of permission is being discussed. In real conversation, Japanese often leaves out details that are understood from context.

If you wanted to be more specific, you could say something like:

• 部長から休暇の許可をもらいました。
• I got permission for leave from the manager.

But 部長から許可をもらいました。 is perfectly natural on its own.