watasi ha syuumatu ni ie de souzi wo suru.

は is the topic marker, not the basic subject marker (that’s が).

• 私 = I / me
• 私
  • は = “As for me, …” / “Speaking about me, …”

In this sentence, the topic 私 is also the person doing the action, so in English it naturally becomes the subject “I.” But grammatically, は marks what the sentence is about, not who/what is grammatically the subject.

You could also say:

• 週末は 家で 掃除をする。 – “As for weekends, I clean at home.”

Here the topic would be 週末 instead of 私.

When the character は is used as a particle (topic marker), it is pronounced wa.

When it’s part of a word, it’s pronounced ha:

• Particle: 私は（わたしは）
• Word: 花（はな, hana “flower”）

So:

• Spelling (kana): は
• Pronunciation as a particle: wa

に after a time expression marks a specific point in time when something happens.

• 週末 = weekend / weekends
• 週末に = “on the weekend / on weekends”

So 週末に tells us when the cleaning happens.

Compare:

• 月曜日に – on Monday
• 7時に – at 7 o’clock
• 誕生日に – on (my) birthday

You could also use 週末は instead of 週末に:

• 週末は 家で 掃除をする。
  Emphasis: As for weekends, I (typically) clean at home.

週末に is a neutral way to say “on weekends (at that time).”

で marks the place where an action is performed.

• 家で 掃除をする。
  = “I do cleaning at home.”
  (で = “at / in,” as the location of the activity)

に is different:

• 家に 行く。 – I go to home. (に = destination)
• 家に いる。 – I am at home. (に = location of existence)

Rough rule:

• Action taking place somewhere → で
• Going to a place (destination) → に
• Existing at a place (be, stay) → usually に

を marks the direct object of a verb—the thing the action is done to.

• 掃除 = cleaning (a noun)
• する = to do
• 掃除をする = literally “to do cleaning”

So:

• 掃除
  • を (object marker) + する (verb)
    → 掃除をする = “to clean / to do the cleaning”

This noun + を + する pattern is very common:

• 勉強をする – to study (lit. “do study”)
• 運動をする – to exercise (lit. “do exercise”)

Yes, you can also say:

• 掃除する instead of 掃除をする

Both are grammatically correct and commonly used. In casual speech, 掃除する (without を) is very natural.

Nuance:

• 掃除をする: slightly clearer/“fuller”; often heard in neutral / slightly careful speech.
• 掃除する: a bit more casual/compact.

In meaning, they’re effectively the same: “to clean.”

Japanese basic sentence order is Subject – Object – Verb (SOV):

• 私（subject/topic）
• 週末に（time）
• 家で（place）
• 掃除を（object: cleaning）
• する（verb: do）

Japanese almost always puts the main verb at the end of the clause. So even if you reorder some pieces, the verb する stays at the end:

• 家で 週末に 私は 掃除をする。 – still grammatical
• But the natural neutral order is what you saw:
  私は 週末に 家で 掃除をする。

する is the plain (dictionary) form; します is the polite form.

• 掃除をする。 – I clean. (plain)
• 掃除をします。 – I clean. (polite)

Use します when:

• Talking to strangers
• Talking to teachers / superiors
• In most formal situations

Use する when:

• Talking to friends / family
• Writing in casual contexts
• In dictionary examples / grammar explanations

So in real conversation, you would very often say:

• 週末に 家で 掃除をします。 (polite)
  or
• 週末に 家で 掃除する。 (casual)

Japanese non‑past form (する) covers both:

• Present habitual: I usually / regularly do
• Future: I will do

In this sentence, because you have a time expression like 週末に (“on weekends”), it naturally reads as a habitual action:

• 週末に 家で 掃除をする。
  → “I clean at home on weekends.” (habitual)

Context and time expressions decide whether we translate non‑past as “do,” “will do,” “usually do,” etc.

Yes, 家を掃除する is also correct.

• 家を 掃除する。
  Literally: “I clean the house.” (家 is the object being cleaned.)

• 家で 掃除をする。
  Literally: “I do cleaning at home.” (The place of the cleaning is 家.)

In many contexts, both will be translated as “I clean the house,” but grammatically:

• 家を掃除する focuses on what you are cleaning (the house).
• 家で掃除をする focuses on where you are cleaning (at home), without explicitly saying what is being cleaned (though “house” is implied).

You can say うちで 掃除をする, and it’s very natural.

Rough differences:

• 家（いえ）

  • The physical building / house
  • More neutral, can sound a bit more “外から見る” (from the outside)

• うち

  • “My home / our place,” including family/household feeling
  • Often sounds more intimate or casual

Examples:

• うちでご飯を食べる。 – I eat at home (my place).
• 新しい家を買った。 – I bought a new house (building).

In your sentence, using 家で or うちで are both fine; うちで is slightly more “it’s my home” in tone.

Yes, in natural conversation Japanese speakers often omit the subject when it’s clear from context.

So instead of:

• 私は 週末に 家で 掃除をする。

you’d very frequently hear simply:

• 週末に 家で 掃除をする。

Context (who’s talking, what was said before) tells you that the subject is “I.” 私 is often kept in:

• Beginner textbooks
• Very first introductions of grammar
• Situations where the speaker wants to emphasize “me, as opposed to other people”

Japanese has no articles like a, an, the.

• 週末 can mean “the weekend,” “a weekend,” or “weekends (in general)” depending on context.
• 家 can mean “the house,” “a house,” or “home” depending on context.

So:

• 週末に 家で 掃除をする。 → “I clean at home on weekends.” → could also be “I clean at the house on the weekend,” if the context requires that.

The specificity (a/the, singular/plural) is handled by context, or by adding extra words if you really need to be explicit (like その家 “that house,” 毎週末 “every weekend,” etc.).