Learn Hardcore Japanese: raisyuu no kayou ni atarasii arubaito no mensetu ga arimasu. - Next Tuesday I have an interview for a new part-time job.

来週 = next week
火曜 = Tuesday
来週の火曜 literally = “next week’s Tuesday” → natural English: “next Tuesday” (where “next” is relative to the week).

In general, A の B can be:

possession: 私の本 = my book
description/association: 日本の会社 = Japanese company
time/period relationship: 来週の火曜 = Tuesday of next week

Is の in 来週の火曜 optional? Can I just say 来週火曜?

You’ll often see and hear both:

来週の火曜（に）
来週火曜（に）

When used in front of time words like days, の can be dropped in casual speech without changing the meaning.

With の: slightly clearer, a bit more “textbook” / neutral.
Without の: common in spoken Japanese, especially when spoken quickly.

So yes, 来週火曜に新しいアルバイトの面接があります is also fine in everyday Japanese.

What’s the difference between 火曜 and 火曜日?

They both mean Tuesday.

火曜日 (かようび) is the full form, used in textbooks, formal writing, schedules, etc.
火曜 (かよう) is an abbreviated form, very common in conversation, ads, timetables, TV guides, etc.

Using 火曜 instead of 火曜日 doesn’t change the meaning. It’s a bit like saying “Tues” instead of “Tuesday” in English, but in Japanese the shortened forms are very standard and not particularly informal.

Why is the particle に used after 火曜? Could I say 来週の火曜 without に?

に marks a specific point in time when something happens.

火曜に = on Tuesday
来週の火曜に = (on) next Tuesday

In many cases with time expressions, に is optional:

来週の火曜、新しいアルバイトの面接があります。
来週の火曜に、新しいアルバイトの面接があります。

Both are acceptable. に tends to be used more:

when you want to be clear or formal
when the time phrase is long or could be ambiguous
But dropping it is very common in speech.

However, に is required in many other uses (e.g. marking destinations, indirect objects), so here you can think: “Recommended but often omitted in casual speech.”

Why is there no particle after 来週 itself?

来週 is directly connected to 火曜 by の, forming 来週の火曜. Within that phrase:

来週 modifies 火曜 (next week’s Tuesday),
火曜 is the main noun of the phrase,
and に attaches to that main noun: 来週の火曜に

If you wanted 来週 to be an independent time expression (not modifying 火曜), you could say:

来週、火曜に新しいアルバイトの面接があります。
(Next week, on Tuesday, I have an interview for a new part-time job.)

In that structure, 来週 stands alone as a time adverb at the start of the sentence and doesn’t need a particle either. Basic rule: many time words can appear without a particle when they function as time adverbs.

What does 新しい modify in this sentence?

新しい is an adjective meaning new, and it modifies アルバイト:

新しいアルバイト = a new part-time job

Then 新しいアルバイト as a whole modifies 面接 via の:

新しいアルバイトの面接 = interview for a new part-time job

So the structure is:

新しい → describes アルバイト
新しいアルバイト → describes 面接 with の

Why is アルバイト written in katakana, and what exactly does it mean?

アルバイト is written in katakana because it’s a loanword from German (Arbeit, “work”). In Japanese, katakana is used for:

foreign loanwords (e.g. コンピューター computer)
foreign names
some onomatopoeia and emphasis

In modern Japanese, アルバイト doesn’t mean just “work” in general; it specifically means:

part-time job, often held by students or people working fewer hours.

You might also see:

バイト (shortened form) in casual speech.
パート (from “part-time” in English), often used more for housewives or longer-term part-time positions, but the distinction is fuzzy and context-dependent.

In this sentence, 新しいアルバイト clearly means a new part-time job.

What does the の between アルバイト and 面接 mean?

Here の links two nouns, making 面接 (interview) “belong to” or “be about” the part-time job:

アルバイトの面接 = interview for a part-time job

So A の B often corresponds to “B for A” or “B of A” in English when A is the “target” or “topic” of B:

仕事の面接 = job interview
入学の面接 = entrance interview
アルバイトの面接 = part-time job interview

Why is the particle が used before あります?

が marks the subject of the verb ある (to exist / there is). The subject here is:

新しいアルバイトの面接 (the new part-time job interview)

So:

新しいアルバイトの面接があります。
= There is a new part-time job interview.
/ I have an interview for a new part-time job. (natural translation)

が is often used to introduce or highlight something that exists, appears, or happens, especially with verbs like:

ある / いる (to exist)
わかる (to understand)
見える / 聞こえる (can be seen / heard)

In English we usually say “I have an interview” rather than “There is an interview.” Why does Japanese use ～があります here?

Japanese often talks about events and possessions using existence verbs like ある.

面接があります。 literally = There is an interview.
But contextually, it usually means I have an interview (if you’re speaking about yourself).

Japanese frequently omits the subject when it’s obvious from context:

Full version would be something like:
私は来週の火曜に新しいアルバイトの面接があります。
= As for me, there is an interview for a new part-time job next Tuesday.

But 私は is dropped because it’s clear that you’re talking about yourself. So:

来週の火曜に新しいアルバイトの面接があります。
is the natural, concise way to say “I have a new part-time job interview next Tuesday.”

Why is it あります and not ありますです or something with です?

ある is itself a verb, not an adjective or noun, so it doesn’t need です after it.

Dictionary form: ある
Polite non-past form: あります

You don’t say ありますです; that would be ungrammatical in standard Japanese.
The sentence’s verb is simply:

あります = there is / (I) have (for inanimate things and events)

Compare:

本がある。 → plain
本があります。 → polite

Could the word order be changed, like putting the time at the end:
新しいアルバイトの面接が来週の火曜にあります?

Yes, that sentence is also grammatically correct and natural:

来週の火曜に新しいアルバイトの面接があります。
新しいアルバイトの面接が来週の火曜にあります。

Both mean the same thing. Japanese word order is flexible as long as:

Particles stay attached to the right words.
The verb (here あります) usually comes at the end.

Placing the time expression at the beginning is very common, because it sets the time frame first. Putting it later can lightly emphasize the thing that comes first (here: the interview itself).

How would I turn this into a question, like “Do you have a job interview next Tuesday?”

You mainly change the intonation and/or add か at the end:

来週の火曜に新しいアルバイトの面接がありますか。
= Do you have a new part-time job interview next Tuesday?

Spoken, you might also just raise your voice at the end:

来週の火曜に新しいアルバイトの面接がある？ (casual)
= You have a job interview next Tuesday?

Key points:

Add か for a polite question.
In casual speech, dropping か and just using rising intonation is very common.