Learn Hardcore Japanese: kyou ha kibun ga warui desu kara, ie de yasumimasu. - Because I feel unwell today, I will rest at home.

It’s the topic marker, pronounced wa (not ha). It sets “today” as the topic: “as for today…”. You can also drop it and simply say 今日、気分が悪い…. Using 今日は often adds a light contrast (today, as opposed to other days).

Why is が used with 気分 instead of は?

が marks what is in the state described by the adjective: in the set phrase 気分が悪い, the “feeling/condition” is what is bad. Using 気分は悪い would topicalize “feeling” and sounds contrastive or unusual here. It’s very common in Japanese to have both は (topic) and が (subject) in the same sentence, as in this one.

Does 気分が悪い mean I’m in a bad mood or physically sick?

Both exist, but in everyday use 気分が悪い usually means feeling physically unwell (often nauseous or woozy). Related:

体調が悪い / 具合が悪い: physical condition is bad (neutral/medical).
気持ちが悪い: feel sick/nauseous or something is gross/creepy.

Why is 家 followed by で and not に?

で marks the place where an action happens: 家で休みます (rest at home). に marks destination or location/existence: 家に帰ります (go home), 家にいます (be at home). For actions like resting, use で.

Can I say 家に休みます?

No. 休む is an action you do at a location, so use 家で休みます. If you want to express going home first, say 家に帰って休みます.

Why is there です before から in 気分が悪いですから?

It keeps the clause polite to match 休みます. With い‑adjectives, you can use plain (悪いから) or polite (悪いですから). Both are fine; be consistent with your politeness level.

Can I use ので or だから instead of から? What’s the nuance?

から: straightforward reason; common in conversation.
ので: softer/more objective; often sounds a bit more polite. 気分が悪いので、家で休みます.
だから cannot attach directly to an い‑adjective. Say 悪いから, or make two sentences: 気分が悪い。だから、家で休みます. Sentence‑initial ですから also works as “so/therefore.”

Can I put the result first and the reason after?

Yes: 家で休みます。今日は気分が悪いですから。 Japanese often states the result, then gives the reason with から in a following sentence.

Where is the subject “I”?

It’s omitted. Japanese drops obvious subjects. Context makes it clear it’s about the speaker. You can add 私は for clarity or contrast, but it’s usually unnecessary here.

What tense is 休みます? Does it mean I’m resting now or will rest?

Non‑past (〜ます) covers present and future. Here it means “I’m going to rest/I will rest (today).” For right now, you’d say 家で休んでいます.

Does 休む also mean “to take a day off”?

Yes. With an object it means being absent: 学校を休みます / 会社を休みます. In this sentence, without an object, it means “rest.” Don’t say 家を休みます.

Are spaces normal in Japanese?

No. They were added for learners. Normally you’d write: 今日は気分が悪いですから、家で休みます。

How do I read the kanji here, and can 家 be うち?

今日: きょう
気分: きぶん
悪い: わるい
家: いえ or うち
休みます: やすみます Both いえで and うちで are possible. うち often feels like “my place/home,” while いえ is more neutral.

Is 気分が悪くて、家で休みます also OK?

Yes. The 〜て form can connect clauses with a causal feel: 気分が悪くて、家で休みます is natural and a bit softer/informal than から/ので.

Does から here mean “from”?

Different use. から can mean “from” as a particle, but here it’s a conjunction meaning “because.” Context and placement make it clear: [reason] から、[result].

Do I need to keep both clauses polite?

In standard polite speech, yes: 気分が悪いですから、家で休みます. In plain speech, make both plain: 気分が悪いから、家で休む. Mixing levels is possible in casual talk but can sound inconsistent in formal contexts.