kanyousyokubutu wo hannitikage ni oku.

It is read:

かんようしょくぶつ を はんひかげ に おく。

Word by word:

• 観葉植物 = かんようしょくぶつ = foliage plant / houseplant
• を = object marker, pronounced o
• 半日陰 = はんひかげ = partial shade / نیم-shade-like lighting condition
• に = location/destination marker
• 置く = おく = to put / place / keep

観葉植物 refers to a plant grown mainly for its leaves, often kept indoors as a decorative plant.

So depending on context, it can be translated as:

• houseplant
• foliage plant
• ornamental leafy plant

In everyday English, houseplant is often the most natural translation.

を marks the direct object of the verb.

In this sentence, the verb is 置く (to place / put), and the thing being placed is 観葉植物.

So:

• 観葉植物を = the houseplant(s) as the thing you place

This is very similar to English word order in:

• Place the houseplant ...

The plant is the object of the action.

に marks the location where something is placed.

Since 置く means to put/place, Japanese often uses X に 置く for put something in/on/at X.

So:

• 半日陰に置く = put it in partial shade

Here, に tells you the destination or resulting location of the plant.

Literally, yes, it is built from:

• 半 = half
• 日陰 = shade

But in actual usage, 半日陰 means something like:

• partial shade
• semi-shade
• bright shade
• light that is not full direct sun

It does not usually mean mathematically 50% shade. It is a gardening term for a lighting condition.

Japanese often leaves out the subject when it is understood from context.

So 観葉植物を半日陰に置く。 does not explicitly say:

• you place it
• one should place it
• we place it

But in context, especially on care instructions or labels, it naturally means something like:

• Place the houseplant in partial shade.
• Keep houseplants in partial shade.

Omitting the subject is very normal in Japanese.

The dictionary form is often used in:

• instructions
• headings
• labels
• notes
• care guides
• neutral written style

So 観葉植物を半日陰に置く。 can sound like a simple instruction or guideline.

If you want to make it polite, you could say:

• 観葉植物を半日陰に置きます。

If you want a stronger direct instruction, you might also see:

• 観葉植物を半日陰に置いてください。
  Please place the houseplant in partial shade.

It can suggest any of those, depending on context.

置く basically means to put/place something somewhere, but in care instructions it often implies keep it there as well.

So this sentence could be understood as:

• Put the houseplant in partial shade.
• Place the houseplant in partial shade.
• Keep the houseplant in partial shade.

English chooses different verbs depending on context, but Japanese uses 置く quite naturally here.

Japanese nouns usually do not mark singular vs. plural unless necessary.

So 観葉植物 can mean:

• a houseplant
• houseplants

The context decides.

For example:

• In a general care guide, it might mean houseplants
• In a specific instruction about one plant, it might mean the houseplant

This is very common in Japanese.

No. Standard Japanese writing would normally be:

観葉植物を半日陰に置く。

Spaces are often added in textbooks or learner materials to make the sentence easier to read, but native Japanese writing usually does not separate words with spaces.

No, there are a few related expressions, depending on nuance.

For example:

• 日陰 = shade
• 半日陰 = partial shade / semi-shade
• 明るい日陰 = bright shade
• 直射日光を避ける = avoid direct sunlight

In plant care, Japanese often uses several of these expressions depending on how specific the instruction is.

Usually, に is the natural choice with 置く.

That is because 置く involves placing something into a location, so に marks where the object ends up.

• 観葉植物を半日陰に置く。 = natural

Using で here would generally sound wrong or unnatural, because で usually marks the place where an action takes place, not the destination/resulting location of placement.

So for put/place, remember:

• X に 置く = put something in/on/at X

The structure is:

[object] を [location] に [verb]

So here:

• 観葉植物 = object
• を = object marker
• 半日陰 = location
• に = location marker
• 置く = verb

This is a very common pattern in Japanese.

Other examples:

• 本を机に置く。
  Put the book on the desk.
• かばんを椅子に置く。
  Put the bag on the chair.

So this sentence follows a very standard pattern.